Implications of latest NICER data for the neutron star equation of state

Abstract

As an update to our previously performed Bayesian inference analyses of the neutron star matter equation-of-state and related quantities, the additional impact of the recently published NICER data of PSR J0437-4751 is examined. Including the mass and radius distributions of this pulsar in our data base results in modest shifts from previously inferred median posterior values of radii $R$ and central densities $n_c$ for representative $1.4M_{\odot }$ and $2.1M_{\odot }$ neutron stars: radii are reduced by about $0.2-0.3$ km to values of $R_{1.4}=12.1\pm 0.5$ km and $R_{2.1}=11.9_{-0.6}^{+0.5}$ km (at the 68\% level), and central densities increase slightly to values of $n_c(1.4M_{\odot })/n_0=2.8\pm 0.3$ and $n_c(2.1M_{\odot })/n_0=3.8_{-0.7}^{+0.6}$ (in units of equilibrium nuclear matter density, $n_0=0.16$ fm${}^{-3}$), i.e., they still fall below five times nuclear saturation density at the 68\% level. As a further significant result, the evidence established by analyzing Bayes factors for a negative trace anomaly measure, $\Delta =1/3-P/\epsilon <0$, inside heavy neutron stars is raised to strong.

published version

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