Measuring pair correlations in Bose and Fermi gases via atom-resolved microscopy
arXiv:2411.08780 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.183402
Abstract
We demonstrate atom-resolved detection of itinerant bosonic Na and fermionic Li quantum gases, enabling the direct in situ measurement of interparticle correlations. In contrast to prior work on lattice-trapped gases, here we realize microscopy of quantum gases in the continuum. We reveal Bose-Einstein condensation with single-atom resolution, measure the enhancement of two-particle correlations of thermal bosons, and observe the suppression of for fermions; the Fermi or exchange hole. For strongly interacting Fermi gases confined to two dimensions, we directly observe non-local fermion pairs in the BEC-BCS crossover. We obtain the pairing gap, the pair size, and the short-range contact directly from the pair correlations. In situ thermometry is enabled via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Our technique opens the door to the atom-resolved study of strongly correlated quantum gases of bosons, fermions, and their mixtures.
9 pages, 7 figures
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