Quantum Effects on Cosmic Scales as an Alternative to Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Abstract

The spin-torsion theory is a gauge theory approach to gravity that expands upon Einstein's general relativity (GR) by incorporating the spin of microparticles. In this study, we further develop the spin-torsion theory to examine spherically symmetric and static gravitational systems that involve free-falling macroscopic particles. We posit that the quantum spin of macroscopic matter becomes noteworthy at cosmic scales. We further assume that the Dirac spinor and Dirac equation adequately capture all essential physical characteristics of the particles and their associated processes. A crucial aspect of our approach involves substituting the constant mass in the Dirac equation with a scale function, allowing us to establish a connection between quantum effects and the scale of gravitational systems. This mechanism ensures that the quantum effect of macroscopic matter is scale-dependent and diminishes locally, a phenomenon not observed in microparticles. For any given matter density distribution, our theory predicts an additional quantum term, the quantum potential energy (QPE), within the mass expression. The QPE induces time dilation and distance contraction, and thus mimics a gravitational well. When applied to cosmology, the QPE serves as a counterpart to the cosmological constant introduced by Einstein to balance gravity in his static cosmological model. The QPE also offers a plausible explanation for the origin of Hubble redshift (traditionally attributed to the universe's expansion). The predicted luminosity distance--redshift relation aligns remarkably well with SNe Ia data from the cosmological sample of SNe Ia. In the context of galaxies, the QPE functions as the equivalent of dark matter. The predicted circular velocities align well with rotation curve data from the SPARC (Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves database) sample.

arXiv comment39 pages, 2 figures

References in corpus (17)

• Type Ia Supernova Discoveries at z>1 From the Hubble Space Telescope: Evidence for Past Deceleration and Constraints on Dark Energy Evolution
• Relativistic gravitation theory for the MOND paradigm
• Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND): Observational Phenomenology and Relativistic Extensions
• SPARC: Mass Models for 175 Disk Galaxies with Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves
• Alternatives to Dark Matter and Dark Energy
• Scale-invariance of galaxy clustering
• The Mass Discrepancy-Acceleration Relation: Disk Mass and the Dark Matter Distribution
• Gravity, Gauge Theories and Geometric Algebra
• Collapsing spherical stars in f(R) gravity
• Are galactic rotation curves really flat?
• A Tale of Two Paradigms: the Mutual Incommensurability of LCDM and MOND
• A Refined Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Inflationary Theoretical Framework
• A Vaidya-type radiating solution in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and its application to braneworld
• Classical big-bounce cosmology: dynamical analysis of a homogeneous and irrotational Weyssenhoff fluid
• Weyssenhoff fluid dynamics in general relativity using a 1+3 covariant approach
• Is dark matter fact or fantasy? -- clues from the data
• Torsion fields generated by the quantum effects of macro-bodies

Cited by in corpus (2)

• Fractional entropy of the Brown-Kuchař dust in fractional anti-de Sitter quantum gravity
• Test of conformal gravity as an alternative to dark matter from the observations of elliptical galaxies