Quantum Hamiltonian Embedding of Images for Data Reuploading Classifiers
arXiv:2407.14055 · doi:10.1007/s42484-025-00247-7
Abstract
When applying quantum computing to machine learning tasks, one of the first considerations is the design of the quantum machine learning model itself. Conventionally, the design of quantum machine learning algorithms relies on the ``quantisation" of classical learning algorithms, such as using quantum linear algebra to implement important subroutines of classical algorithms, if not the entire algorithm, seeking to achieve quantum advantage through possible run-time accelerations brought by quantum computing. However, recent research has started questioning whether quantum advantage via speedup is the right goal for quantum machine learning [1]. Research also has been undertaken to exploit properties that are unique to quantum systems, such as quantum contextuality, to better design quantum machine learning models [2]. In this paper, we take an alternative approach by incorporating the heuristics and empirical evidences from the design of classical deep learning algorithms to the design of quantum neural networks. We first construct a model based on the data reuploading circuit [3] with the quantum Hamiltonian data embedding unitary [4]. Through numerical experiments on images datasets, including the famous MNIST and FashionMNIST datasets, we demonstrate that our model outperforms the quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN)[5] by a large margin (up to over 40% on MNIST test set). Based on the model design process and numerical results, we then laid out six principles for designing quantum machine learning models, especially quantum neural networks.
11 figures, 31 pages. Code available on https://github.com/peiyong-addwater/HamEmbedding. Author affiliation updated for v2. Acknowledgements and funding information added for v2
References in corpus (12)
- Quantum Machine Learning
- Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks
- Quantum principal component analysis
- Data re-uploading for a universal quantum classifier
- Quantum convolutional neural network for classical data classification
- Is quantum advantage the right goal for quantum machine learning?
- Drastic Circuit Depth Reductions with Preserved Adversarial Robustness by Approximate Encoding for Quantum Machine Learning
- Quantum Transfer Learning with Adversarial Robustness for Classification of High-Resolution Image Datasets
- Permutation Invariant Encodings for Quantum Machine Learning with Point Cloud Data
- VQC-Based Reinforcement Learning with Data Re-uploading: Performance and Trainability
- Hybrid quantum learning with data re-uploading on a small-scale superconducting quantum simulator
- Analog quantum variational embedding classifier