Constraints on freeze-in dark matter from Lyman-$\alpha$ forest and 21-cm signal : single-field models

Abstract

We report new Lyman-$\alpha$ and 21-cm constraints on freeze-in dark matter (FIDM) which injects energy into the intergalactic medium either through annihilation or decay to photon(s) or electron-positron pair. With respect to Lyman-$\alpha$ we fix the baseline ionization history using low redshift data about astrophysical reionization, whereas for 21-cm signal we adopt the baseline values of 21-cm power spectrum through a standard modeling of star formation developed so far. Using the latest numerical tools, we show that (i) for sterile neutrino FIDM, current Lyman-$\alpha$ data and future sensitivity of SKA-low (1000 hrs) on the 21-cm power spectra excludes the FIDM mass up to $1.8\times 10^{-3}$ GeV at 95$\%$ CL and $5.46\times 10^{-4}$ GeV, respectively, and (ii) for millicharged FIDM, current Lyman-$\alpha$ data only excludes the millicharge down to $10^{-8}$ within the FIDM mass range of $10^{-3}-1$ GeV at 95$\%$ CL, suggesting that the surviving parameter space of millicharged FIDM is still intact.

17 pages, 5 figures; v2: revised version with 19 pp and 8 figs; v3: to match the published version

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Cited by in corpus (6)

• Dark Matter Freeze-In and Small-Scale Observables: Novel Mass Bounds and Viable Particle Candidates
• Lyman-$\alpha$ limit on axion-like cold dark matter
• Sensitivity toward dark matter annihilation imprints on 21-cm signal with SKA-Low: A convolutional neural network approach
• Probing Non-Minimal Dark Sectors via the 21 cm Line at Cosmic Dawn
• Seasons of Dark Matter Freeze-In Shaped by the Weather of the Early Universe
• LHC-friendly freeze-in dark matter via Higgs portal