Pivoting through the chiral-clock family

Abstract

The Onsager algebra, invented to solve the two-dimensional Ising model, can be used to construct conserved charges for a family of integrable $N$-state chiral clock models. We show how it naturally gives rise to a "pivot" procedure for this family of chiral Hamiltonians. These Hamiltonians have an anti-unitary CPT symmetry that when combined with the usual ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ clock symmetry gives a non-abelian dihedral symmetry group $D_{2N}$. We show that this symmetry gives rise to symmetry-protected topological (SPT) order in this family for all even $N$, and representation-SPT (RSPT) physics for all odd $N$. The simplest such example is a next-nearest-neighbour chain generalising the spin-1/2 cluster model, an SPT phase of matter. We derive a matrix-product state representation of its fixed-point ground state along with the ensuing entanglement spectrum and symmetry fractionalisation. We analyse a rich phase diagram combining this model with the Onsager-integrable chiral Potts chain, and find trivial, symmetry-breaking and (R)SPT orders, as well as extended gapless regions. For odd $N$, the phase transitions are "unnecessarily" critical from the SPT point of view.

30 pages, 9 figures. v2 close to published version with new section on symmetry fractionalisation in the cluster model

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• Lattice T-duality from non-invertible symmetries in quantum spin chains
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• Exact Chiral Symmetries of 3+1D Hamiltonian Lattice Fermions
• ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ gauging and self-dualities of the $XX$ model and its cousins
• Symmetry-Enforced Fermi Surfaces
• Charge pumps, pivot Hamiltonians and symmetry-protected topological phases