Collapse of a quantum vortex in an attractive two-dimensional Bose gas
arXiv:2406.00863 · doi:10.1103/c6wx-zc9x
Abstract
We experimentally and numerically study the collapse dynamics of a quantum vortex in a two-dimensional atomic superfluid following a fast interaction ramp from repulsion to attraction. We find the conditions and time scales for a superfluid vortex to radially converge into a quasi-stationary density profile, demonstrating the spontaneous formation of a vortex soliton-like structure in an atomic Bose gas. We record an emergent self-similar dynamics caused by an azimuthal modulational instability, which amplifies initial density perturbations and leads to the eventual splitting of a solitonic ring profile or direct fragmentation of a superfluid into disordered, but roughly circular arrays of Townes soliton-like wavepackets. These dynamics are qualitatively reproduced by simulations based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. However, a discrepancy in the magnitude of amplified density fluctuations predicted by our mean-field analysis suggests the presence of effects beyond the mean-field approximation. Our study sets the stage for exploring out-of-equilibrium dynamics of vortex quantum matter quenched to attractive interactions and their universal characteristics.
arXiv v3, 16 pages, 4 figures in main text, 8 in supplementary
References in corpus (14)
- Vortices and Superfluidity in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
- Squeezing and entanglement in a Bose-Einstein condensate
- Quantum liquid droplets in a mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates
- Quantum-fluctuation-driven crossover from a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate to a macro-droplet in a dipolar quantum fluid
- Dynamics and statistical mechanics of ultra-cold Bose gases using c-field techniques
- Fragmentation of Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Observation of scale invariance and universality in two-dimensional Bose gases
- XMDS2: Fast, scalable simulation of coupled stochastic partial differential equations
- Vortex stability in nearly two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates with attraction
- Experimental realization of the Peregrine soliton in repulsive two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
- Connecting shear-flow and vortex array instabilities in annular atomic superfluids
- Observation of Weak Collapse in a Bose-Einstein Condensate
- Observation of self-patterned defect formation in atomic superfluids -- from ring dark solitons to vortex dipole necklaces
- Observation of pattern stabilization in a driven superfluid