Dissipative Dark Cosmology: From Early Matter Dominance to Delayed Compact Objects

Abstract

We demonstrate a novel mechanism for producing dark compact objects and black holes through a dark sector, where all the dark matter can be dissipative. Heavy dark sector particles with masses above $10^4$ GeV can come to dominate the Universe and yield an early matter-dominated era before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). Density perturbations in this epoch can grow and collapse into tiny dark matter halos, which cool via self interactions. The typical halo size is set by the Hubble length once perturbations begin growing, offering a straightforward prediction of the halo size and evolution depending on ones choice of dark matter model. Once these primordial halos have formed, a thermal phase transition can then shift the Universe back into radiation domination and standard cosmology. These halos can continue to collapse after BBN, resulting in the late-time formation of fragmented dark compact objects and sub-solar mass primordial black holes. We find that these compact objects can constitute a sizable fraction of all of dark matter. The resulting fragments can have masses between $10^{20}$ g to $10^{32}$ g, with radii ranging from $10^{-2}$ m to $10^5$ m, while the black holes can have masses between $10^8$ g to $10^{34}$ g. Furthermore, a unique feature of this model is the late-time formation of black holes which can evaporate today. We compare where these objects lie with respect to current primordial black hole and and massive (astrophysical) compact halo object constraints.

12 pages, 6 figures. Accepted version

References in corpus (26)

• Limits on the Macho Content of the Galactic Halo from the EROS-2 Survey of the Magellanic Clouds
• Constraints on Earth-mass primordial black holes from OGLE 5-year microlensing events
• Cosmological constraints on exotic injection of electromagnetic energy
• The end of the MACHO era- revisited: new limits on MACHO masses from halo wide binaries
• Thermal Dark Matter From A Highly Decoupled Sector
• GUT-Scale Primordial Black Holes: Consequences and Constraints
• Hidden Sector Hydrogen as Dark Matter: Small-scale Structure Formation Predictions and the Importance of Hyperfine Interactions
• Structure Formation and Exotic Compact Objects in a Dissipative Dark Sector
• Superheavy Thermal Dark Matter and Primordial Asymmetries
• Primordial Gravitational Waves From Black Hole Evaporation in Standard and Non-Standard Cosmologies
• Microlensing optical depth and event rate toward the Large Magellanic Cloud based on 20 years of OGLE observations
• Massive Black Holes from Dissipative Dark Matter
• Predicting the density profiles of the first halos
• A Lower Bound on the Mass of Compact Objects from Dissipative Dark Matter
• Structure Formation after Reheating: Supermassive Primordial Black Holes and Fermi Ball Dark Matter
• Searching for Exploding Black Holes
• Dark Black Holes in the Mass Gap
• Binary Collisions of Dark Matter Blobs
• Constraints on late-forming exploding black holes
• Einstein-non-linear Maxwell-Yukawa black hole
• The Effects Of Relativistic Hidden Sector Particles on the Matter Power Spectrum
• The Effect of Multiple Cooling Channels on the Formation of Dark Compact Objects
• Simulations of Gravitational Heating Due to Early Matter Domination
• Testing self-interacting dark matter with galaxy warps
• Thermal curvature perturbations in thermal inflation
• Defrosting and Blast Freezing Dark Matter

Cited by in corpus (6)

• Black Holes from Fermi Ball Collapse
• Gravothermalizing into primordial black holes, boson stars, and cannibal stars
• Clustering and Runaway Merging in a Primordial Black Hole Dominated Universe
• Dimming Starlight with Dark Compact Objects
• Search for H2 cloudlets in our backyard
• Towards a theory of dissipative Dark Matter I: the Born limit