Spatial distribution of crystalline silicates in protoplanetary disks: How to interpret mid-infrared observations

Abstract

Crystalline silicates are an important tracer to the dust evolution in protoplanetary disks. In the inner disk, amorphous silicates are annealed by the high temperatures. These crystalline silicates are radially and vertically distributed in the disk. We aim to model the spatial distribution of crystalline silicate in the disk and its mid-IR spectra to study the effect on dust spectral features and to compare these to observations. We modeled a T-Tauri protoplanetary disk and defined the crystallization region from the crystallization and residence timescales. Radial mixing and drift were compared to find a vertically mixed region. We used the DISKLAB code to obtain the spatial distribution of the crystalline silicates, and MCMax code to model the mid-infrared spectrum. In our modeled disk, different grain sizes get crystallized in different regions in the disk. Crystallized dust in the disk surface is well mixed with the midplane due to vertical mixing and gets distributed to the outer disk by radial transport. Our model shows different contributions of the disk zones to the dust spectral features. Feature strengths change when varying the spatial distribution of crystalline dust. Our modeled spectra qualitatively agree with observations, but the modeled 10 $\mu$m feature is strongly dominated by crystalline dust. Models with reduced crystallinity and depletion of small crystalline dust in the inner disk show a better match with observations. Mid-IR observations of the disk surface represent the radial distribution of small dust in the midplane and provide us with dust properties in the inner disk. The inner and outer disks contribute more to shorter and longer wavelength features, respectively. Amorphization, sublimation, and dust evolution have to be considered to match observations. This study could interpret the spectra of protoplanetary disks taken with the MIRI on board the JWST.

arXiv comment15 pages, 14 figures

References in corpus (51)

• A simple model for the evolution of the dust population in protoplanetary disks
• Dust coagulation in protoplanetary disks: a rapid depletion of small grains
• Gas- and dust evolution in protoplanetary disks
• Particle Stirring in Turbulent Gas Disks: Including Orbital Oscillations
• The absence of crystalline silicates in the diffuse interstellar medium
• The effect of dust settling on the appearance of protoplanetary disks
• A Survey and Analysis of Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph Spectra of T Tauri Stars in Taurus
• Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks. I. Disk shape, dust settling, opacities, and PAHs
• Radiative Equilibrium and Temperature Correction in Monte Carlo Radiation Transfer
• Modeling optical properties of cosmic dust grains using a distribution of hollow spheres
• A 10 micron spectroscopic survey of Herbig Ae star disks: grain growth and crystallization
• CASSIS: The Cornell Atlas of Spitzer/IRS Sources
• C2D Spitzer-IRS spectra of disks around T Tauri stars: I. Silicate emission and grain growth
• Pixie Dust: The Silicate Features in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
• Radiative transfer in very optically thick circumstellar disks
• The Onset of Planet Formation in Brown Dwarf Disks
• The formation and evolution of planetary systems: Grain growth and chemical processing of dust in T Tauri systems
• Dust diffusion in protoplanetary discs by magnetorotational turbulence
• On the Snow Line in Dusty Protoplanetary Disks
• The origin of crystalline silicates in the Herbig Be star HD100546 and in comet Hale-Bopp
• Annealing of Silicate Dust by Nebular Shocks at 10 AU
• Episodic formation of cometary material in the outburst of a solar-like young star
• Dust evolution in protoplanetary disks around Herbig Ae/Be stars - The Spitzer view
• Crystalline silicates and dust processing in the protoplanetary disks of the Taurus young cluster
• The Inner Rim Structures of Protoplanetary Discs
• C2D Spitzer-IRS spectra of disks around T Tauri stars. IV. Crystalline silicates
• The structure of disks around intermediate-mass young stars from mid-infrared interferometry. Evidence for a population of group II disks with gaps
• 8--13 um spectroscopy of YSOs: Evolution of the silicate feature
• Turbulent diffusion in protoplanetary discs: the effect of an imposed magnetic field
• Crystalline silicates as a probe of disk formation history
• Diffusion coefficient of a passive contaminant in a local MHD model of a turbulent accretion disc
• Turbulent Mixing in the Outer Solar Nebula
• Comet-like mineralogy of olivine crystals in an extrasolar proto-Kuiper belt
• The 69 micron forsterite band in spectra of protoplanetary disks - Results from the Herschel DIGIT programme
• The asymmetric inner disk of the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 in the eyes of VLTI/MATISSE: evidence for a vortex?
• Formulas for Radial Transport in Protoplanetary Disks
• Dust Dynamics in Protoplanetary Disk Winds Driven by Magneto-Rotational Turbulence: A Mechanism for Floating Dust Grains with Characteristic Sizes
• Dust Transport and Processing in Centrifugally Driven Protoplanetary Disk Winds
• Radial and vertical dust transport inhibit refractory carbon depletion in protoplanetary disks
• VLTI/MIDI atlas of disks around low- and intermediate-mass young stellar objects
• Dust entrainment in photoevaporative winds: The impact of X-rays
• Size Dependence of the Bouncing Barrier in Protoplanetary Dust Growth
• Dust amorphization in protoplanetary disks
• Dust crystallinity in protoplanetary disks: the effect of diffusion/viscosity ratio
• Low-Temperature Crystallization of Amorphous Silicate in Astrophysical Environments
• Dust entrainment in magnetically and thermally driven disk winds
• The effects of dust evolution on disks in the mid-IR
• Location and sizes of forsterite grains in protoplanetary disks: interpretation from the Herschel DIGIT programme
• Probing the Temperature Structure of the Inner Region of a Protoplanetary Disk
• Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): Scattered light detection of a possible disk wind in RY Tau
• Dust evolution in the circumstellar disc of the unclassified B[e] star HD 50138

Cited by in corpus (7)

• MINDS. Hydrocarbons detected by JWST/MIRI in the inner disk of Sz28 consistent with a high C/O gas-phase chemistry
• Dust mineralogy and variability of the inner PDS 70 disk
• Disentangling the dust and gas contributions of the JWST/MIRI spectrum of Sz28
• Accretion Burst Crystallizes Silicates in a Planet-Forming Disk
• The MATISSE view of the inner region of the RY Tau protoplanetary disk
• Setting the Stage: The Early History of the Solar System
• MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample II. Probing disk settling, dust properties, and dust-gas interplay with JWST/MIRI