Superconducting Diode Effect in Two-dimensional Topological Insulator Edges and Josephson Junctions

Abstract

The superconducting diode effect -- the dependence of critical current on its direction -- can arise from the simultaneous breaking of inversion and time-reversal symmetry in a superconductor and has gained interest for its potential applications in superconducting electronics. In this letter, we study the effect in a two-dimensional topological insulator (2D TI) in both a uniform geometry as well as in a long Josephson junction. We show that in the presence of Zeeman fields, a circulating edge current enables a large non-reciprocity of the critical current. We find a maximum diode efficiency 1 for the uniform 2D TI and $(\sqrt{2}-1{)}^2\approx 0.17$ for the long Josephson junction.

Submitted to Applied Physics Letters on April 8th, 2024

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• Josephson diodes induced by the loop current states
• Geometric Asymmetry-Enhanced Nonreciprocal Supercurrent Transport Revealed by Second-Harmonic Response
• Perturbative Analysis of the Field-Free Josephson Diode Effect in a Multilayered Josephson Junction
• Spin Josephson diode effect induced by higher-harmonic spin Josephson currents in a diffusive Josephson junction