Transverse structure of the proton beyond leading twist: A light-front Hamiltonian approach

Abstract

Within the Basis Light-Front Quantization framework, we systematically investigate the subleading twist (twist-3) transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) of the proton beyond the Wandzura-Wilczek (WW) approximation. The subleading twist TMDs are not independent and can be decomposed into twist-2 and genuine twist-3 terms from the equations of motion. The latter involves quark-quark-gluon correlations and contains interferences between two light-front Fock sectors, $|qqq⟩$ and $|qqqg⟩$, which are usually neglected in the WW approximation.

13 pages, 5 figures

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• Mechanical properties of proton in the momentum space