Points totalement réels de la courbe $x^5+y^5+z^5=0$

Abstract

Let $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ be an algebraic closure of $\mathbb{Q}$ and ${\mathbb{Q}}^{tr}$ be the subfield of $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ obtained by taking the union of all totally real number fields. For any prime $p\ge 3$, let $F_p/\mathbb{Q}$ be the Fermat curve of equation $x^p+y^p+z^p=0$. In 1996, Pop has shown that the field ${\mathbb{Q}}^{tr}$ is large. In particular, the set $F_p({\mathbb{Q}}^{tr})$ of the points of $F_p$ rational over ${\mathbb{Q}}^{tr}$ is infinite. How to explicit non-trivial points $(xyz\ne 0$) in $F_p({\mathbb{Q}}^{tr})$ ? If one has $p\ge 5$, it seems that the only points already known in $F_p({\mathbb{Q}}^{tr})$ are those of $F_p(\mathbb{Q})$ and they are trivial. In this paper, we investigate this question in case $p=5$. There are no totally real fields whose degree over $\mathbb{Q}$ is at most $5$ over which $F_5$ has non-trivial points. We propose here to explicit infinitely many points of $F_5$ rational over totally real fields of degree $6$ over $\mathbb{Q}$.

in French language