Designing for Projection-based Communication between Autonomous Vehicles and Pedestrians

Abstract

Recent studies have investigated new approaches for communicating an autonomous vehicle's (AV) intent and awareness to pedestrians. This paper adds to this body of work by presenting the design and evaluation of in-situ projections on the road. Our design combines common traffic light patterns with aesthetic visual elements. We describe the iterative design process and the prototyping methods used in each stage. The final design concept was represented as a virtual reality simulation and evaluated with 18 participants in four different street crossing scenarios, which included three scenarios that simulated various degrees of system errors. We found that different design elements were able to support participants' confidence in their decision even when the AV failed to correctly detect their presence. We also identified elements in our design that needed to be more clearly communicated. Based on these findings, the paper presents a series of design recommendations for projection-based communication between AVs and pedestrians.

References in corpus (1)

• To Walk or Not to Walk: Crowdsourced Assessment of External Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Displays

Cited by in corpus (13)

• A Review of Virtual Reality Studies on Autonomous Vehicle--Pedestrian Interaction
• Context-Based Interface Prototyping: Understanding the Effect of Prototype Representation on User Feedback
• Designing Wearable Augmented Reality Concepts to Support Scalability in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction
• How Can Autonomous Vehicles Convey Emotions to Pedestrians? A Review of Emotionally Expressive Non-Humanoid Robots
• Exploring the Impact of Interconnected External Interfaces in Autonomous Vehicleson Pedestrian Safety and Experience
• From Passersby to Placemaking: Designing Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Encounters for an Urban Shared Space
• Virtual Urban Field Studies: Evaluating Urban Interaction Design Using Context-Based Interface Prototypes
• Improving External Communication of Automated Vehicles Using Bayesian Optimization
• A Tangible Multi-Display Toolkit to Support the Collaborative Design Exploration of AV-Pedestrian Interfaces
• Designing Human-Machine Interactions in the Automated City: Methodologies, Considerations, Principles
• Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction in Shared Spaces: The Impact of Intended Path-Projection
• Uncertainty on Display: The Effects of Communicating Confidence Cues in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interactions
• Comparing State-of-the-Art and Emerging Augmented Reality Interfaces for Autonomous Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication