Room-temperature sub-100 nm Néel-type skyrmions in non-stoichiometric van der Waals ferromagnet $\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{3-\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{GaT}{\mathrm{e}}_2$ with ultrafast laser writability

Abstract

Realizing room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnets offers unparalleled prospects for future spintronic applications. However, due to the intrinsic spin fluctuations that suppress atomic long-range magnetic order and the inherent inversion crystal symmetry that excludes the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, achieving room-temperature skyrmions in 2D magnets remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we target room-temperature 2D magnet $\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_3\mathrm{GaT}{\mathrm{e}}_2$ and unveil that the introduction of iron-deficient into this compound enables spatial inversion symmetry breaking, thus inducing a significant Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction that brings about room-temperature Néel-type skyrmions with unprecedentedly small size. To further enhance the practical applications of this finding, we employ a homemade in-situ optical Lorentz transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate ultrafast writing of skyrmions in $\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{3-\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{GaT}{\mathrm{e}}_2$ using a single femtosecond laser pulse. Our results manifest the $\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{3-\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{GaT}{\mathrm{e}}_2$ as a promising building block for realizing skyrmion-based magneto-optical functionalities.

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• Disorder driven crossover between anomalous Hall regimes in Fe${}_3$GaTe${}_2$
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• Local Inversion Symmetry Breaking and Thermodynamic Evidence for Ferrimagnetism in Fe3GaTe2
• Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in Fe5GeTe2 epitaxial thin films
• Factors affecting the topological Hall effect in strongly correlated layered magnets: spin of the magnetic atoms, polar and azimuthal angle subtended by the spin texture
• Laser-Induced Topological Toggle Switching at Room Temperature in the van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2
• Topological Hall Effect in Antiferromagnetic Co doped Fe${}_3$GaTe${}_2$
• Giant Exfoliation Induced Magnetic Coercivity in Fe${}_3$GaTe${}_2$
• Asymmetric defect distribution generates bulk Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in Pt/Co/Pt
• Noncentrosymmetric Nowotny Chimney Ladder Ferromagnet Cr4Ge7 with a High Curie Temperature of ~ 207 K
• Type-II Weyl nodes, flat bands, and evidence for a topological Hall-effect in the new ferromagnet FeCr${}_3$Te${}_6$