Constraints on the Variation of Physical Constants, Equivalence Principle Violation, and a Fifth Force from Atomic Experiments

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to derive limits on various forms of ``new physics'' using atomic experimental data. Interactions with dark energy and dark matter fields can lead to space-time variations of fundamental constants, which can be detected through atomic spectroscopy. In this study, we examine the effects of a varying nuclear mass $m_N$ and nuclear radius $r_N$ on two transition ratios: the comparison of the two-photon transition in atomic hydrogen with the hyperfine transition in ${}^{133}$Cs based clocks, and the ratio of optical clock frequencies in in Al${}^{+}$ and Hg${}^{+}$. The sensitivity of these frequency ratios to changes in $m_N$ and $r_N$ enables us to derive new limits on the variations of the proton mass, quark mass, and the QCD parameter $\theta$. Additionally, we consider the scalar field generated by the Yukawa-type interaction of feebly interacting hypothetical scalar particles with Standard Model particles in the presence of massive bodies such as the Sun and Moon. Using the data from the Al${}^{+}$/Hg${}^{+}$, Yb${}^{+}$/Cs and Yb${}^{+}$(E2)/Yb${}^{+}$(E3) transition frequency ratios, we place constraints on the interaction of the scalar field with photons, nucleons, and electrons for a range of scalar particle masses. We also investigate limits on the Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) violating term ($c_{00}$) in the Standard Model Extension (SME) Lagrangian and the dependence of fundamental constants on gravity.

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• Axion Bounds from Quantum Technology
• Constraints on the Variation of the QCD Interaction Scale ${\Lambda }_{\text{QCD}}$
• Solar System and Atomic Clock Bounds on Locally Coupled Swampland Scalars
• Future Dark Energy Constraints from Atomic Clocks