Constraints on the Variation of Physical Constants, Equivalence Principle Violation, and a Fifth Force from Atomic Experiments

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to derive limits on various forms of ``new physics'' using atomic experimental data. Interactions with dark energy and dark matter fields can lead to space-time variations of fundamental constants, which can be detected through atomic spectroscopy. In this study, we examine the effects of a varying nuclear mass $m_N$ and nuclear radius $r_N$ on two transition ratios: the comparison of the two-photon transition in atomic hydrogen with the hyperfine transition in ${}^{133}$Cs based clocks, and the ratio of optical clock frequencies in in Al${}^{+}$ and Hg${}^{+}$. The sensitivity of these frequency ratios to changes in $m_N$ and $r_N$ enables us to derive new limits on the variations of the proton mass, quark mass, and the QCD parameter $\theta$. Additionally, we consider the scalar field generated by the Yukawa-type interaction of feebly interacting hypothetical scalar particles with Standard Model particles in the presence of massive bodies such as the Sun and Moon. Using the data from the Al${}^{+}$/Hg${}^{+}$, Yb${}^{+}$/Cs and Yb${}^{+}$(E2)/Yb${}^{+}$(E3) transition frequency ratios, we place constraints on the interaction of the scalar field with photons, nucleons, and electrons for a range of scalar particle masses. We also investigate limits on the Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) violating term ($c_{00}$) in the Standard Model Extension (SME) Lagrangian and the dependence of fundamental constants on gravity.

References in corpus (53)

• Lorentz-Violating Extension of the Standard Model
• Test of the Equivalence Principle Using a Rotating Torsion Balance
• Varying constants, Gravitation and Cosmology
• Progress in Lunar Laser Ranging Tests of Relativistic Gravity
• Indications of a spatial variation of the fine structure constant
• The Local Dark Matter Density
• Searching for dilaton dark matter with atomic clocks
• The MICROSCOPE mission: first results of a space test of the Equivalence Principle
• Space-Time Variation of Physical Constants and Relativistic Corrections in Atoms
• Calculations of the Relativistic Effects in Many-Electron Atoms and Space-Time Variation of Fundamental Constants
• Test of Equivalence Principle at $10^{-8}$ Level by a Dual-species Double-diffraction Raman Atom Interferometer
• Spatial variation in the fine-structure constant -- new results from VLT/UVES
• Can dark matter induce cosmological evolution of the fundamental constants of Nature?
• Search for ultralight scalar dark matter with atomic spectroscopy
• Searching for dark matter and variation of fundamental constants with laser and maser interferometry
• Searching for an oscillating massive scalar field as a dark matter candidate using atomic hyperfine frequency comparisons
• Observation of the 1S0 - 3P0 clock transition in 27Al+
• Precision Metrology Meets Cosmology: Improved Constraints on Ultralight Dark Matter from Atom-Cavity Frequency Comparisons
• MICROSCOPE mission: first constraints on the violation of the weak equivalence principle by a light scalar dilaton
• Improved limits for violations of local position invariance from atomic clock comparisons
• Dependence of nuclear magnetic moments on quark masses and limits on temporal variation of fundamental constants from atomic clock experiments
• Limits on the temporal variation of the fine structure constant, quark masses and strong interaction from quasar absorption spectra and atomic clock experiments
• Improved limits on the coupling of ultralight bosonic dark matter to photons from optical atomic clock comparisons
• Search for variation of the fundamental constants in atomic, molecular and nuclear spectra
• A Michelson-Morley Test of Lorentz Symmetry for Electrons
• Fundamental units: physics and metrology
• Cold Atom Clocks, Precision Oscillators and Fundamental Tests
• Astrophysical constraints on hypothetical variability of fundamental constants
• Millisecond Pulsars as Tools of Fundamental Physics
• Oklo Constraint on the Time-Variability of the Fine-Structure Constant
• 35 Years of Testing Relativistic Gravity: Where do we go from here?
• Precision Spectroscopy of Atomic Hydrogen and Variations of Fundamental Constants
• Dependence of nuclear binding on hadronic mass variation
• Improved limits on interactions of low-mass spin-0 dark matter from atomic clock spectroscopy
• Effects of theta on the deuteron binding energy and the triple-alpha process
• Combining configuration interaction with perturbation theory for atoms with large number of valence electrons
• Sigma Terms of Light-Quark Hadrons
• Dependence of hadronic properties on Quark Masses and Constraints on their Cosmological Variation
• SpaceQ -- Direct Detection of Ultralight Dark Matter with Space Quantum Sensors
• Enhanced effect of quark mass variation in 229Th and limits from Oklo data
• Search for ultralight dark matter from long-term frequency comparisons of optical and microwave atomic clocks
• Variation of fundamental constants: theory and observations
• Search for the effect of massive bodies on atomic spectra and constraints on Yukawa-type interactions of scalar particles
• The sensitivity of hyperfine structure to nuclear radius and quark mass variation
• Schwinger functions and light-quark bound states, and sigma terms
• Limits on gravitational Einstein Equivalence Principle violation from monitoring atomic clock frequencies during a year
• Material Size Dependence on Fundamental Constants
• Probing an ultralight QCD axion with electromagnetic quadratic interaction
• Searching for a Fifth Force with Atomic and Nuclear Clocks
• Using isotope shift for testing nuclear theory: the case of nobelium isotopes
• Current quark mass dependence of nucleon magnetic moments and radii
• Space-time variation of the s and c quark masses
• Variation of the quadrupole hyperfine structure and nuclear radius due to an interaction with scalar and axion dark matter

Cited by in corpus (4)

• Axion Bounds from Quantum Technology
• Constraints on the Variation of the QCD Interaction Scale ${\Lambda }_{\text{QCD}}$
• Solar System and Atomic Clock Bounds on Locally Coupled Swampland Scalars
• Future Dark Energy Constraints from Atomic Clocks