Closed universes in two dimensional gravity

Abstract

We study closed universes in simple models of two dimensional gravity, such as Jackiw-Teiteilboim (JT) gravity coupled to matter, and a toy topological model that captures the key features of the former. We find there is a stark contrast, as well as some connections, between the perturbative and non-perturbative aspects of the theory. We find rich semi-classical physics. However, when non-perturbative effects are included there is a unique closed universe state in each theory. We discuss possible meanings and interpretations of this observation.

v1: 25+16 pages, 13 figures; v2: references added; v3: published version

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Cited by in corpus (3)

• Observers seeing gravitational Hilbert spaces: abstract sources for an abstract path integral
• Non-extremal Island in de Sitter Gravity
• No boundary density matrix in elliptic de Sitter dS/${\mathbb{Z}}_2$