A survey of nuclear quadrupole deformation in order to estimate the nuclear MQM and its relative contribution to the atomic EDM

Abstract

New sources of charge-parity (CP) violation, beyond the known sources in the standard model (SM), are required to explain the baryon asymmetry of the universe. Measurement of a non-zero permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) in fundamental particles, such as in an electron or a neutron, or in nuclei or atoms, can help us gain a handle on the sources of CP violation, both in the SM and beyond. The nuclear magnetic quadrupole moment (MQM), the central topic of this work, is also CP, P, and T violating. Nucleons and nuclei have a non-zero MQM from sources within the SM, but the nuclear MQM is dramatically enhanced if the nuclei are structurally quadrupole deformed. Multiple sources contribute to an atomic EDM \emph{viz.} (i) nuclear EDM through its Schiff moment, which is enhanced by nuclear octupole deformation, (ii) CP violating interactions between the electrons and the nuclei, and (iii) the nuclear MQM that contributes to the atomic EDM in atoms with an unpaired valence electron. Our survey of nuclear quadrupole deformation has identified ${}^{151}$Nd, ${}^{153}$Pm, ${}^{153}$Sm, ${}^{157}$Ho, ${}^{163,165}$Er, ${}^{161,168}$Tm, ${}^{167}$Yb, ${}^{169}$Hf, ${}^{171,180}$Ta, ${}^{173,175,177,179,180}$Re, ${}^{190,192}$Ir, ${}^{188}$Au, ${}^{223,225}$Fr, ${}^{223,227,229,231}$Ra, ${}^{223,225,227,229}$Ac, ${}^{229,231}$Th, ${}^{229,231,233,235}$Pa, ${}^{235}$U, ${}^{233,235,237,238,239}$Np, ${}^{237}$Pu, and ${}^{239,241,242,243,245}$Am as ideal systems in which to search for a CP violating EDM via their enhanced nuclear MQM, while ${}^{223,225}$Fr, ${}^{223}$Ra, ${}^{223,225,227}$Ac, ${}^{229}$Th, and ${}^{229}$Pa also have maximally enhanced nuclear Schiff moment contribution due to their octupole deformation. Laser cooling of the isotopes of Er, Tm, Yb, Fr, and Ra has already been demonstrated, making ${}^{223,225}$Fr and ${}^{223}$Ra some of the best systems in which to measure an EDM.

arXiv commentProceedings of The International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions and their Applications, HYPERFINE 2023; Nov 13-17, 2023, Nara, Japan; Abs. ID: P-63. 18 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables

References in corpus (44)

• Nuclear Ground-State Masses and Deformations
• Order of Magnitude Smaller Limit on the Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron
• Recent Progress in Baryogenesis
• Measurement of the permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron
• Electric Dipole Moments of Nucleons, Nuclei, and Atoms: The Standard Model and Beyond
• Electric Dipole Moments of the Atoms, Molecules, Nuclei and Particles
• Reduced Limit on the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of ${}^{199}$Hg
• A new bound on the electron's electric dipole moment
• Enhanced T-odd P-odd Electromagnetic Moments in Reflection Asymmetric Nuclei
• Collective T- and P- Odd Electromagnetic Moments in Nuclei with Octupole Deformations
• Electric Dipole Moments: A Global Analysis
• Octupole deformation in the ground states of even-even nuclei: a global analysis within the covariant density functional theory
• Electric dipole moments of Hg, Xe, Rn, Ra, Pu, and TlF induced by the nuclear Schiff moment and limits on time-reversal violating interactions
• Candidate molecular ions for an electron electric dipole moment experiment
• Time-reversal symmetry violation in molecules induced by nuclear magnetic quadrupole moments
• Precision Spectroscopy of Polarized Molecules in an Ion Trap
• Improved limit on the ${}^{225}$Ra electric dipole moment
• Large long-distance contributions to the electric dipole moments of charged leptons in the standard model
• Laser cooled molecules
• Ab initio study of radium monofluoride, RaF, as a candidate to search for P- and T,P- violation effects
• Theoretical study of ThF${}^{+}$ in the search for T,P-violation effects: Effective state of a Th atom in ThF${}^{+}$ and ThO compounds
• Bright focused ion beam sources based on laser-cooled atoms
• Search for the electron electric dipole moment using $\Omega$-doublet levels in PbO${}^{\ast }$
• Octupole deformation in the nuclear chart based on the 3D Skyrme Hartree-Fock plus BCS model
• Mercury Monohalides: Suitability for Electron Electric Dipole Moment Searches
• Measurement of the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of the ${}^{129}$Xe Atom
• Electron correlation and nuclear charge dependence of parity-violating properties in open-shell diatomic molecules
• Enhanced nuclear Schiff moment and time reversal violation in 229Th-containing molecules
• Optical Spectroscopy of Tungsten Carbide for Uncertainty Analysis in Electron Electric Dipole Moment Search
• Towards the search of T,P-odd interactions in lead monofluoride, PbF
• Atomic Electric Dipole Moments: The Schiff Theorem and Its Corrections
• TaN molecule as a candidate to search for New physics
• Measurement of the Electric Dipole Moment of ${}^{171}$Yb Atoms in an Optical Dipole Trap
• Electric dipole moments of actinide atoms and RaO molecule
• Prospects for assembling ultracold radioactive molecules from laser-cooled atoms
• Calculation of the parity and time reversal violating interaction in ^{225}RaO
• Centrifugal correction to hyperfine structure constants in the ground state of lead monofluoride, PbF
• Time reversal violating Magnetic Quadrupole Moment in heavy deformed nuclei
• Nuclear Matrix Elements for Tests of Local Lorentz Invariance Violation
• Time invariance violating nuclear electric octupole moments
• Verification of g-factors for lead monofluoride ground state, PbF
• Weak quadrupole moments
• Survey of deformation in nuclei in order to estimate the enhancement of sensitivity to atomic EDM
• Estimation of CP violating EDMs from known mechanisms in the SM