Optimal multiple-phase estimation with multi-mode NOON states against photon loss

Abstract

Multi-mode NOON states can quantum-enhance multiple-phase estimation in the absence of photon loss. However, a multi-mode NOON state is known to be vulnerable to photon loss, and its quantum-enhancement can be dissipated by lossy environment. In this work, we demonstrate that a quantum advantage in estimate precision can still be achieved in the presence of photon loss. This is accomplished by optimizing the weights of the multi-mode NOON states according to photon loss rates in the multiple modes, including the reference mode which defines the other phases. For practical relevance, we also show that photon-number counting via a multi-mode beam-splitter achieves the useful, albeit sub-optimal, quantum advantage. We expect this work to provide valuable guidance for developing quantum-enhanced multiple-phase estimation techniques in lossy environments.

10 pages, 7 figures

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Cited by in corpus (6)

• Distributed quantum sensing with multi-mode $N00N$ states
• Persistent quantum advantage with definite photon-number states in lossy multiple-phase estimation
• Quantum multiphase estimation
• Unified strategy for non-invertible Fisher information matrix in quantum metrology
• Unraveling quantum phase estimation: exploring the impact of multi-photon interference on the quantum Fisher information
• Universal Operational Privacy in Distributed Quantum Sensing