Minimal Black Holes and Species Thermodynamics

Abstract

The species scale provides a lower bound on the shortest possible length that can be probed in gravitational effective theories. It may be defined by the size of the minimal black hole in the theory and, as such, it has recently been given an interpretation along the lines of the celebrated black hole thermodynamics. In this work, we extend this interpretation to the case of charged species. We provide working definitions of minimal black holes for the case of uncharged and charged species constituents. Then, examining the modifications in the thermodynamic properties of near-extremal charged species compared to the uncharged case, we uncover interesting implications for the cosmology of an expanding universe, particularly within the context of the Dark Dimensions Scenario. Finally, we explore possible microscopic constructions in non-supersymmetric string theories in which towers of charged near-extremal species may arise.

31 pages, 1 figure. v2: journal version

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• Emergent Strings in Type IIB Calabi--Yau Compactifications
• Bulk Black Hole Dark Matter
• Asymptotic safety, quantum gravity, and the swampland: a conceptual assessment
• Lectures in Quantum Gravity
• Axion species scale and axion weak gravity conjecture-like bound
• EFT & Species Scale: Friends or foes?
• Black Hole Entropy, Quantum Corrections and EFT Transitions
• Bulk/boundary Modular Quintessence and DESI
• Matching the Vilkovisky-DeWitt Effective Action of Quantum Gravity to String Theory
• Hitchhiker's Guide to the Swampland: The Cosmologist's Handbook to the string-theoretical Swampland Programme
• The CFT Distance Conjecture and Tensionless String Limits in $\mathcal{N}=2$ Quiver Gauge Theories
• Background instability of quintessence model in light of entropy and distance conjecture