Next-to-eikonal corrected double graviton dressing and gravitational wave observables at $\mathcal{O}(G^2)$

Abstract

Following a recent proposal to describe inelastic eikonal scattering processes in terms of gravitationally dressed elastic eikonal amplitudes, we motivate a collinear double graviton dressing and investigate its properties. This is derived from a generalized Wilson line operator in the worldline formalism by integrating over fluctuations of the eikonal trajectories of external particles in gravitationally interacting theories. The dressing can be expressed as a product of exponential terms -- a coherent piece with contributions to all odd orders in the gravitational coupling constant and a term quadratic in graviton modes, with the former providing classical gravitational wave observables. In particular, the coherent dressing involves $\mathcal{O}({\kappa }^3)$ subleading double graviton corrections to the Weinberg soft factor. We use this dressing to derive expressions for the waveform, radiative momentum spectrum and angular momentum. In a limiting case of the waveform, we derive the nonlinear memory effect resulting from the emission of nearly soft gravitons from a scattering process.

arXiv commentMatches published version; 49 pages, 1 figure, revisions of Sec. 2.3, Sec. 4.1 and Sec. 5 with broader literature review, minor revision of notation and typos corrected

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