Emergent Quadrupolar Order in the Spin-$1/2$ Kitaev-Heisenberg Model

Abstract

Motivated by the largely unexplored domain of multi-polar ordered spin states in the Kitaev-Heisenberg (KH) systems we investigate the ground state dynamics of the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ KH model, focusing on quadrupolar (QP) order in 2-leg ladder and two-dimensional honeycomb lattice geometries. Employing exact diagonalization and density-matrix renormalization group methods, we analyze the QP order parameter and correlation functions. Our findings reveal a robust QP order across a wide range of the phase diagram, influenced by the interplay between Heisenberg and Kitaev interactions. Notably, we observe an enhancement of QP order near Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL) phases, despite the absence of long-range spin-spin correlations. This highlights a complex relationship between QP order and QSLs, offering new insights into quantum magnetism in low-dimensional systems. Our findings provide a rational explanation for the observed nonlinear magnetic susceptibility in $\alpha$-RuCl${}_3$.

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