Matrix imaging as a tool for high-resolution monitoring of deep volcanic plumbing systems with seismic noise

Abstract

Volcanic eruptions necessitate precise monitoring of magma pressure and inflation for improved forecasting. Understanding deep magma storage is crucial for hazard assessment, yet imaging these systems is challenging due to complex heterogeneities that disrupt standard seismic migration techniques. Here we map the magmatic and hydrothermal system of the La Soufrière volcano in Guadeloupe by analyzing seismic noise data from a sparse geophone array under a matrix formalism. Seismic noise interferometry provides a reflection matrix containing the signature of echoes from deep heterogeneities. Using wave correlations resistant to disorder, matrix imaging successfully unscrambles wave distortions, revealing La Soufrière's internal structure down to 10 kilometers with 100-meter resolution. This method surpasses the diffraction limit imposed by geophone array aperture, providing crucial data for modeling and high-resolution monitoring. We see matrix imaging as a revolutionary tool for understanding volcanic systems and enhancing observatories' abilities to monitor dynamics and forecast eruptions.

55 pages, 18 figures

References in corpus (5)

• Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Matrix Imaging
• Matrix Approach of Seismic Imaging: Application to the Erebus Volcano, Antarctica
• Harnessing Forward Multiple Scattering for Optical Imaging Deep Inside an Opaque Medium
• A Distortion Matrix Framework for High-Resolution Passive Seismic 3-D Imaging: Application to the San Jacinto Fault Zone, California
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Cited by in corpus (3)

• Ultrasound matrix imaging for 3D transcranial in vivo localization microscopy
• Detection and characterization of targets in complex media using fingerprint matrices
• Reflection Measurement of the Scattering Mean Free Path at the Onset of Multiple Scattering