Realization of an inherent time crystal in a dissipative many-body system

Abstract

Time crystals are many-body states that spontaneously break translation symmetry in time the way that ordinary crystals do in space. While experimental observations have confirmed the existence of discrete or continuous time crystals, these realizations have relied on the utilization of periodic forces or effective modulation through cavity feedback. The original proposal for time crystals is that they would represent self-sustained motions without any external periodicity, but realizing such purely self-generated behavior has not yet been achieved. Here, we provide theoretical and experimental evidence that many-body interactions can give rise to an inherent time crystalline phase. Following a calculation that shows an ensemble of pumped four-level atoms can spontaneously break continuous time translation symmetry, we observe periodic motions in an erbium-doped solid. The inherent time crystal produced by our experiment is self-protected by many-body interactions and has a measured coherence time beyond that of individual erbium ions.

References in corpus (9)

• Absence of Quantum Time Crystals
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Cited by in corpus (8)

• Realizing limit cycles in dissipative bosonic systems
• Observation of a phase transition from a continuous to a discrete time crystal
• Exploring nonlinear dynamics in periodically driven time crystal: from synchronized to chaotic motion
• Theory of parametric resonance for discrete time crystals in fully-connected spin-cavity systems
• Boundary Time Crystals Induced by Local Dissipation and Long-Range Interactions
• Continuous time crystals as a PT symmetric state and the emergence of critical exceptional points
• Analytical and numerical studies of periodic superradiance
• Intrinsic space-time crystalline order in a hybrid Josephson junction