A multinode quantum network over a metropolitan area
arXiv:2309.00221 · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07308-0
Abstract
Towards realizing the future quantum internet, a pivotal milestone entails the transition from two-node proof-of-principle experiments conducted in laboratories to comprehensive, multi-node setups on large scales. Here, we report on the debut implementation of a multi-node entanglement-based quantum network over a metropolitan area. We equipped three quantum nodes with atomic quantum memories and their telecom interfaces, and combined them into a scalable phase-stabilized architecture through a server node. We demonstrated heralded entanglement generation between two quantum nodes situated 12.5 km apart, and the storage of entanglement exceeding the round-trip communication time. We also showed the concurrent entanglement generation on three links. Our work provides a metropolitan-scale testbed for the evaluation and exploration of multi-node quantum network protocols and starts a new stage of quantum internet research.
21 pages in total, 4 figures and 1 table in the main text, 5 figures and 8 tables in the supplementary material
References in corpus (8)
- The Quantum Internet
- Realization of a multi-node quantum network of remote solid-state qubits
- Experimental demonstration of a BDCZ quantum repeater node
- Distributed Quantum Computation Based-on Small Quantum Registers
- Multiplexed Memory-Insensitive Quantum Repeaters
- Efficient and long-lived quantum memory with cold atoms inside a ring cavity
- Fast Preparation and Detection of a Rydberg Qubit using Atomic Ensembles
- Cavity-Enhanced Atom-Photon Entanglement with Subsecond Lifetime
Cited by in corpus (50)
- Entanglement of Nanophotonic Quantum Memory Nodes in a Telecom Network
- Metropolitan-scale heralded entanglement of solid-state qubits
- A millisecond integrated quantum memory for photonic qubits
- Quantum Internet: Technologies, Protocols, and Research Challenges
- Faithful quantum teleportation via a nanophotonic nonlinear Bell state analyzer
- Fast delivery of heralded atom-photon quantum correlation over 12km fiber through multiplexing enhancement
- Intra-QLAN Connectivity: beyond the Physical Topology
- Device-independent quantum key distribution over 100 km with single atoms
- Towards Global Quantum Key Distribution
- Heralded entanglement of on-demand spin-wave solid-state quantum memories for multiplexed quantum network links
- Qubit teleportation between a memory-compatible photonic time-bin qubit and a solid-state quantum network node
- Standalone mobile quantum memory system
- Testing quantum theory on curved space-time with quantum networks
- Realization of an untrusted intermediate relay architecture using a quantum dot single-photon source
- Analytical Performance Estimations for Quantum Repeater Network Scenarios
- Remote Quantum Networks based on Quantum Memories
- Teleportation with Embezzling Catalysts
- Quantum repeater node with free-space coupled trapped ions
- Distributed multi-parameter quantum metrology with a superconducting quantum network
- Satellites promise global-scale quantum networks
- Quantum state estimation of multi-partite single photon path entanglement via local measurements
- Simultaneous quantum identity authentication scheme utilizing entanglement swapping with secret key preservation
- Frequency drift corrected ultra-stable laser through phase-coherent fiber producing a quantum channel
- Space-division multiplexed phase compensation for quantum communication: concept and field demonstration
- Entanglement Assisted Non-local Optical Interferometry in a Quantum Network
- Communication with Quantum Catalysts
- Quantum-enabled optical large-baseline interferometry: applications, protocols and feasibility
- Bidirectional microwave-optical conversion with an integrated soft-ferroelectric barium titanate transducer
- Hybrid of Gradient Descent And Semidefinite Programming for Certifying Multipartite Entanglement Structure
- Quantum Advantage in Distributed Sensing with Noisy Quantum Networks
- A Metropolitan-scale Multiplexed Quantum Repeater with Bell Nonlocality
- Feasibility of Logical Bell State Generation in Memory Assisted Quantum Networks
- A source of heralded atom-photon entanglement for quantum networking
- Hybrid classical-quantum communication networks
- Channel-selective frequency up-conversion for frequency-multiplexed quantum network
- Sub-femtosecond stabilization of multicore fiber for high-fidelity quantum networking at 100% duty cycle
- A global quantum network with ground-based single-atom memories in optical cavities and satellite links
- Frequency stabilization via interference between transmitted and reflected lights from a reference cavity
- 1xN DWDM channel selective quantum frequency conversion
- Efficient Quantum Repeater with Single Atoms in Cavities
- Hierarchical Generation and Design of Tree-Codes for Resource-Efficient Loss-Tolerant Quantum Communications
- Flexible generation of optomagnonic quantum entanglement and quantum coherence difference in double-cavity-optomagnomechanical system
- Evaluation of Distimation's Real-world Performance on a Superconducting Quantum Computer
- The QTF-Backbone: Proposal for a Nationwide Optical Fibre Backbone in Germany for Quantum Technology and Time and Frequency Metrology
- Global-scale quantum networking using hybrid-channel quantum repeaters with relays based on a chain of balloons
- Quantum interference between autonomous dissimilar quantum light sources for hybrid quantum networks
- Features of preparable entangled states in Gaussian quantum networks
- Multiplexed ion-ion entanglement over kilometer fibers
- RELiQ: Scalable Entanglement Routing via Reinforcement Learning in Quantum Networks
- Efficient simulation of noisy entanglement generation