An atomic boson sampler

Abstract

A boson sampler implements a restricted model of quantum computing. It is defined by the ability to sample from the distribution resulting from the interference of identical bosons propagating according to programmable, non-interacting dynamics. Here, we demonstrate a new combination of tools for implementing boson sampling using ultracold atoms in a two-dimensional, tunnel-coupled optical lattice. These tools include fast and programmable preparation of large ensembles of nearly identical bosonic atoms ($99.5_{-1.6}^{+0.5}\%$ indistinguishability) by means of rearrangement with optical tweezers and high-fidelity optical cooling, propagation for variable evolution time in the lattice with low loss ($5.0(2)\%$, independent of evolution time), and high fidelity detection of the atom positions after their evolution (typically $99.8(1)\%$). With this system, we study specific instances of boson sampling involving up to $180$ atoms distributed among $\sim 1000$ sites in the lattice. Direct verification of a given boson sampling distribution is not feasible in this regime. Instead, we introduce and perform targeted tests to determine the indistinguishability of the prepared atoms, to characterize the applied family of single particle unitaries, and to observe expected bunching features due to interference for a large range of atom numbers. When extended to interacting systems, our work demonstrates the core capabilities required to directly assemble ground and excited states in simulations of various Hubbard models.

20 pages, 7 figures (main text and methods); 8 pages, 2 figures (supplemental materials)

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• Splitting and connecting singlets in atomic quantum circuits
• Engineering the Kondo impurity problem with alkaline-earth atom arrays
• BosonSampling.jl: A Julia package for quantum multi-photon interferometry
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• Quantum science with arrays of metastable helium-3 atoms
• Quantum computational advantage of noisy boson sampling with partially distinguishable photons
• Complexity of Gaussian quantum optics with a limited number of non-linearities
• Classical algorithms for measurement-adaptive Gaussian circuits
• Ultracold atomic lattice systems for simulating topological phases: A review
• Hong-Ou-Mandel interference on a lattice: symmetries and interactions
• Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of more than 10 indistinguishable atoms