Analysis of the Solar Flare Index for Solar Cycles 18-24: Extremely Deep Gnevyshev Gap in the Chromosphere

Abstract

We study the solar flare index (SFI) for the solar cycles 18\,--\,24. We find that SFI has deeper Gnevyshev gap (GG) in its first principal component than other atmospheric parameters. The GG is extremely clear especially in the even cycles. The GG of the SFI appears about a half year later as a drop in the interplanetary magnetic field near the Earth and in the geomagnetic Ap-index. The instantaneous response of the magnetic field to solar flares, however, shows about two to three days after the eruption as a high, sharp peak in the cross-correlation of the SFI and Ap-index and as a lower peak in SFI vs. IMF B cross-correlation. We confirm these rapid responses using superposed-epoch analysis. The most active flare cycles during 1944-2020 are the Cycles 19 and 21. The Cycle 18 has very strong SFI days as much as Cycle 22, but it has least nonzero SFI days in the whole interval. Interestingly Cycle 20 can be compared to the Cycles 23 and 24 in its low flare activity, although it locates between the most active SFI cycles.

accepted to Solar Physics, 25 pages, 16 figures

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• Extreme solar events
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Cited by in corpus (1)

• The Instantaneous Response of Geomagnetic Field, near-Earth IMF and Cosmic-Ray Intensity to Solar Flares