Benchmarking a boson sampler with Hamming nets

Abstract

Analyzing the properties of complex quantum systems is crucial for further development of quantum devices, yet this task is typically challenging and demanding with respect to required amount of measurements. A special attention to this problem appears within the context of characterizing outcomes of noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, which produce quantum states with specific properties so that it is expected to be hard to simulate such states using classical resources. In this work, we address the problem of characterization of a boson sampling device, which uses interference of input photons to produce samples of non-trivial probability distributions that at certain condition are hard to obtain classically. For realistic experimental conditions the problem is to probe multi-photon interference with a limited number of the measurement outcomes without collisions and repetitions. By constructing networks on the measurements outcomes, we demonstrate a possibility to discriminate between regimes of indistinguishable and distinguishable bosons by quantifying the structures of the corresponding networks. Based on this we propose a machine-learning-based protocol to benchmark a boson sampler with unknown scattering matrix. Notably, the protocol works in the most challenging regimes of having a very limited number of bitstrings without collisions and repetitions. As we expect, our framework can be directly applied for characterizing boson sampling devices that are currently available in experiments.

14 pages

References in corpus (9)

• Supplementary information for "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor"
• Quantum Computing
• Quantum computational advantage using photons
• Photonic Boson Sampling in a Tunable Circuit
• Boson sampling with 20 input photons in 60-mode interferometers at $10^{14}$ state spaces
• Phase-Programmable Gaussian Boson Sampling Using Stimulated Squeezed Light
• Gaussian Boson Sampling with Pseudo-Photon-Number Resolving Detectors and Quantum Computational Advantage
• Sampling of partially distinguishable bosons and the relation to the multidimensional permanent
• Experimental realization of 105-qubit random access quantum memory

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Achieving the volume-law entropy regime with random-sign Dicke states
• Exploring entanglement in finite-size quantum systems with degenerate ground state
• Sample space filling analysis for boson sampling validation