Measuring the ICM velocity structure in the Ophiuchus cluster

Abstract

We have found evidence of bulk velocities following active galactic nucleus (AGN) bubbles in the Virgo cluster and galaxy motions in the Centaurus cluster. In order to increase the sample and improve our understanding of the intracluster medium (ICM), we present the results of a detailed mapping of the Ophiuchus cluster with {\it XMM-Newton} to measure bulk flows through very accurate Fe~K measurements. To measure the gas velocities we use a novel EPIC-pn energy scale calibration, which uses the Cu K$\alpha$ instrumental line as reference for the line emission. We created 2D spectral maps for the velocity, metallicity, temperature, density, entropy and pressure with a spatial resolution of 0.25${}^{\prime }$ ($\sim 26$~kpc). The ICM velocities in the central regions where AGN feedback is most important are similar to the velocity of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). We have found a large interface region where the velocity changes abruptly from blueshifted to redshifted gas which follows a sharp surface brightness discontinuity. We also found that the metallicities and temperatures do not change as we move outwards from the giant radio fossil previously identified in radio observations of the cluster. Finally, we have found a contribution from the kinetic component of $<25\%$to the total energy budget for large distances.

15 pages, 20 figures. This paper is part of a series on the ICM velocity structure using XMM-Newton observations. Related series papers: arXiv:2109.06213, arXiv:2203.12635

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• Measuring the hot ICM velocity structure function using XMM-Newton observations
• XRISM Observation of the Ophiuchus Galaxy Cluster: Quiescent Velocity Structure in the Dynamically Disturbed Core
• Critical magnetic Reynolds number of the turbulent dynamo in collisionless plasmas
• Indications of an offset merger in Abell 3667
• Measuring the ICM velocity structure within the A3266 galaxy cluster
• XRISM constraints on the velocity power spectrum in the Coma cluster
• AHKASH: a new Hybrid particle-in-cell code for simulations of astrophysical collisionless plasma
• The splash beneath the largest radio bubble in a cluster core