Measuring sloshing, merging and feedback velocities in the Virgo cluster

Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of the velocity structure of the Virgo cluster using {\it XMM-Newton} observations. Using a novel technique which uses uses the Cu K$\alpha$ instrumental line to calibrate the EPIC-pn energy scale, we are able to obtain velocity measurements with uncertainties down to $\Delta v\sim 100$ km/s. We created 2D projected maps for the velocity, temperature, metallicity, density, pressure and entropy with an spatial resolution of 0.25${}^{\prime }$. We have found that in the innermost gas there is a high velocity structure, most likely indicating the presence of an outflow from the AGN while our analysis of the cluster cool core using RGS data indicates that the velocity of the gas agrees with the M87 optical redshift. An overall gradient in the velocity is seen, with larger values as we move away from the cluster core. The hot gas located within the western radio flow is redshifted, moving with a velocity $\sim 331$ km/s while the hot gas located within the eastern radio flow is blueshifted, with a velocity $\sim 258$ km/s, suggesting the presence of backflows. Our results reveal the effects of both AGN outflows and gas sloshing, in the complex velocity field of the Virgo cluster.

19 pages, 21 figures; This paper is part of a series on the ICM velocity structure using XMM-Newton observations. Related series papers: arXiv:2203.12635, arXiv:2303.17556

References in corpus (17)

• The Quiescent Intracluster Medium in the Core of the Perseus Cluster
• Turbulent Heating in Galaxy Clusters Brightest in X-rays
• The origin of cold fronts in the cores of relaxed galaxy clusters
• Measuring the non-thermal pressure in early type galaxy atmospheres: A comparison of X-ray and optical potential profiles in M87 and NGC1399
• The relation between gas density and velocity power spectra in galaxy clusters: high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations and the role of conduction
• Metal-rich multi-phase gas in M87: AGN-driven metal transport, magnetic-field supported multi-temperature gas, and constraints on non-thermal emission observed with XMM-Newton
• Chemical Enrichment RGS cluster sample (CHEERS): Constraints on turbulence
• Do sound waves transport the AGN energy in the Perseus Cluster?
• A search for HI absorption in nearby radio galaxies using HIPASS
• The Effect of Anisotropic Viscosity on Cold Fronts in Galaxy Clusters
• Measuring bulk flows of the intracluster medium in the Perseus and Coma galaxy clusters using XMM-Newton
• The gaseous atmosphere of M87 seen with XMM-Newton
• ALMA observation of the disruption of molecular gas in M87
• Detection of Superluminal Motion in the X-Ray Jet of M87
• Backflows by AGN jets: Global properties and influence on SMBH accretion
• Creation of the X-ray Cavity Jet and its Radio Lobe in M87/Virgo with Cosmic Rays; Relevance to Relic Radio Sources
• Searching for cool and cooling X-ray emitting gas in 45 galaxy clusters and groups

Cited by in corpus (25)

• Spin-driven jet feedback in idealised simulations of galaxy groups and clusters
• Indirect Measurements of Gas Velocities in Galaxy Clusters: Effects of Ellipticity and Cluster Dynamic State
• The velocity structure of the Intracluster Medium of the Centaurus cluster
• Investigating the turbulent hot gas in X-COP galaxy clusters
• ViCTORIA project: The LOFAR HBA Virgo Cluster Survey
• The interaction between rising bubbles and cold fronts in cool core clusters
• The complex interplay of AGN jet-inflated bubbles and the intracluster medium
• Measuring the hot ICM velocity structure function using XMM-Newton observations
• Measuring the ICM velocity structure in the Ophiuchus cluster
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: View of the Virgo Cluster
• Gas sloshing and cold fronts in pre-merging galaxy cluster Abell 98
• Chemical enrichment of the ICM within the Virgo cluster I: radial profiles
• Critical magnetic Reynolds number of the turbulent dynamo in collisionless plasmas
• The velocity structure of the intracluster medium during a major merger: simulated microcalorimeter observations
• Indications of an offset merger in Abell 3667
• Dynamics of AGN feedback in the X-ray bright East and Southwest arms of M87, mapped by XRISM
• Measuring the ICM velocity structure within the A3266 galaxy cluster
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Large-scale view of the Centaurus cluster
• The Merger Dynamics of the X-ray Emitting Plasma in Clusters of Galaxies
• Turbulence in Simulated Local Cluster Analogs: One-to-one comparisons between SLOW and XRISM/Hitomi
• AHKASH: a new Hybrid particle-in-cell code for simulations of astrophysical collisionless plasma
• Searching for rotation in X-COP galaxy clusters
• Imaging-spectroscopy diagnosis of the giant sloshing spiral in the Virgo cluster with the Einstein Probe Follow-up X-ray Telescope
• High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of clusters of galaxies
• Chemical enrichment of ICM within the A3266 cluster I: radial profiles