Quantum Error Correction from Complexity in Brownian SYK

Vijay Balasubramanian; Arjun Kar; Cathy Li; Onkar Parrikar; Harshit Rajgadia

doi:10.1007/JHEP08(2023)071

paper

Quantum Error Correction from Complexity in Brownian SYK

arXiv:2301.07108 · doi:10.1007/JHEP08(2023)071

Abstract

We study the robustness of quantum error correction in a one-parameter ensemble of codes generated by the Brownian SYK model, where the parameter quantifies the encoding complexity. The robustness of error correction by a quantum code is upper bounded by the "mutual purity" of a certain entangled state between the code subspace and environment in the isometric extension of the error channel, where the mutual purity of a density matrix $ρ_{A B}$ is the difference $F_{ρ} (A : B) \equiv Tr ρ_{A B}^{2} - Tr ρ_{A}^{2} Tr ρ_{B}^{2}$ . We show that when the encoding complexity is small, the mutual purity is $O (1)$ for the erasure of a small number of qubits (i.e., the encoding is fragile). However, this quantity decays exponentially, becoming $O (1/ N)$ for $O (lo g N)$ encoding complexity. Further, at polynomial encoding complexity, the mutual purity saturates to a plateau of $O (e^{- N})$ . We also find a hierarchy of complexity scales associated to a tower of subleading contributions to the mutual purity that quantitatively, but not qualitatively, adjust our error correction bound as encoding complexity increases. In the AdS/CFT context, our results suggest that any portion of the entanglement wedge of a general boundary subregion $A$ with sufficiently high encoding complexity is robustly protected against low-rank errors acting on $A$ with no prior access to the encoding map. From the bulk point of view, we expect such bulk degrees of freedom to be causally inaccessible from the region $A$ despite being encoded in it.

arXiv comment40+14 pages, 8 figures

Quantum Error Correction from Complexity in Brownian SYK

Abstract

References in corpus (49)

Cited by in corpus (7)