Role of chemical potential at kinetic freeze-out using Tsallis non-extensive statistics in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider

Abstract

The charged-particle transverse momentum spectra ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$-spectra) measured by the ALICE collaboration for $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 7 and 13 TeV have been studied using a thermodynamically consistent form of Tsallis non-extensive statistics. The Tsallis distribution function is fitted to the $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-spectra and the results are analyzed as a function of final state charged-particle multiplicity for various light flavor and strange particles, such as ${\pi }^{\pm },K^{\pm },p+\bar{p},\varphi ,\Lambda +\bar{\Lambda },\Xi +\bar{\Xi },\Omega +\bar{\Omega }$. At the LHC energies, particles and antiparticles are produced in equal numbers. However, the equality of particle and antiparticle yields at the kinetic freeze-out may imply that they have the same but opposite chemical potential which is not necessarily zero. We use an alternative procedure that makes use of parameter redundancy, by introducing a finite chemical potential at the kinetic freeze-out stage. This article emphasizes the importance of the chemical potential of the system produced in $pp$ collisions at the LHC energies using the Tsallis distribution function which brings the system to a single freeze-out scenario.

Same as the published version in EPJA

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