An evidence of triple kinetic freezeout scenario observed in all centrality intervals in Cu-Cu, Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions at high energies

Abstract

Transverse momentum spectra of ${\pi }^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $p$, $K_s^0$, $\Lambda$, $\Xi$ or ${\bar{\Xi }}^{+}$ and $\Omega$ or ${\bar{\Omega }}^{+}$ or $\Omega +\bar{\Omega }$ in Copper-Copper (Cu-Cu), Gold-Gold (Au-Au) and Lead-Lead (Pb-Pb) collisions at 200 GeV, 62.4 GeV and 2.76 TeV respectively, are analyzed in different centrality bins by the blast wave model with Tsallis statistics. The model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by BRAHMS, STAR and ALICE Collaborations in special transverse momentum ranges. Kinetic freeze out temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are extracted from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. It is observed that ${\bar{\Xi }}^{+}$ and $\Omega$ or ${\bar{\Omega }}^{+}$ or $\Omega +\bar{\Omega }$ have larger kinetic freezeout temperature followed by $K^{+}$, $K_s^0$ and $\Lambda$ than ${\pi }^{+}$ and $p$ due to smaller reaction cross-sections of multi-strange and strange particles than non-strange particles. The present work reveals the scenario of triple kinetic freezeout in collisions at BRAHMS, STAR and ALICE Collaborations, however the transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are mass dependent and they decrease with the increasing rest mass of the particle. In addition, the kinetic freezeout temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are decreasing from central to peripheral collisions while the parameter q increase from central to peripheral collisions, indicating the approach of quick equilibrium in the central collisions. Besides, the kinetic freezeout temperature and kinetic freezeout volume are observed to be larger in larger collision system which shows its dependence on the size of the interacting system, while transverse flow velocity increase with increasing energy.

References in corpus (32)

• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• Full result for the QCD equation of state with 2+1 flavors
• Systematic Measurements of Identified Particle Spectra in pp, d+Au and Au+Au Collisions from STAR
• The QCD equation of state with dynamical quarks
• Centrality dependence of $\pi$, K, p production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• Equation of state and QCD transition at finite temperature
• Relativistic Thermodynamics: Transverse Momentum Distributions in High-Energy Physics
• Spectra and radial flow at RHIC with Tsallis statistics in a Blast-Wave description
• Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=900$ GeV with ALICE at the LHC
• Temperature in and out of equilibrium: a review of concepts, tools and attempts
• Power laws in elementary and heavy-ion collisions - A story of fluctuations and nonextensivity?
• Strangeness Enhancement in Cu+Cu and Au+Au Collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV
• Strange and Multi-strange Particle Production in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV
• Inclusive J/psi production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV
• Non-extensive statistical effects in high-energy collisions
• Heavy flavour decay muon production at forward rapidity in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV
• Production of Light Nuclei in Heavy Ion Collisions Within Multiple Freezeout Scenario
• Kinetic freeze-out temperatures in central and peripheral collisions: Which one is larger?
• The Freezeout Hypersurface at LHC from particle spectra: Flavor and Centrality Dependence
• Light vector meson production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV
• Initial, effective, and kinetic freeze-out temperatures from transverse momentum spectra in high energy proton(deuteron)-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Transverse-momentum spectra of strange particles produced in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV in the chemical non-equilibrium model
• Analyses of whole transverse momentum distributions in $p\bar{p}$ and $pp$ collisions by using a modified version of Hagedorn's formula
• The phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics
• Energy scan/dependence of kinetic freeze-out scenarios of multi-strange and other identified particles in central nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Description of the particle ratios and transverse-momentum spectra for various centralities at RHIC in a single-freeze-out model
• K*0 and phi Meson Production in Proton-Nucleus Interactions at sqrt(s) = 41.6 GeV
• Event activity dependence of inclusive J/ψ production in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV with ALICE at the LHC
• Vector meson production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7\mathrm{TeV}$, measured with the ALICE detector
• Inclusive $V^0$ Production Cross Sections from 920 GeV Fixed Target Proton-Nucleus Collisions
• Initial and final state temperatures of antiproton emission sources in high energy collisions
• Recent results and open questions on collective type phenomena from A-A to pp collisions

Cited by in corpus (15)

• Effects of coalescence and isospin symmetry on the freezeout of light nuclei and their anti-particles
• Study of kinetic freeze-out parameters as function of rapidity in pp collisions at CERN SPS energies
• Study of Dependence of Kinetic Freezeout Temperature on the Production Cross Section of Particles in Various Centrality Intervals in Au Au and Pb Pb Collisions at High Energies
• Analyzing transverse momentum spectra by a new method in high-energy collisions
• Systematic analysis of the pp collisions at LHC energies with Tsallis function
• Analysis of identified particle transverse momentum spectra produced in pp, p--Pb and Pb--Pb collisions at the LHC using Tsallis--Pareto-type function
• Decoupling of non-strange, strange and multi-strange particles from the system in Cu-Cu, Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions at high energies
• Investigation of the freeze-out parameters in B-B, O-O, Ca-Ca and Au-Au collisions at 39 GeV
• Role of chemical potential at kinetic freeze-out using Tsallis non-extensive statistics in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
• Particle species and energy dependencies of freeze-out parameters in high-energy proton-proton collisions
• Scale dependence of the q and T parameters of the Tsallis distribution in the process of jet fragmentation
• On Extracting Thermal Parameters and Scenario in High-Energy Collisions
• Comment on "Evaluation of kinetic freeze-out properties in different relativistic heavy-ion collision systems at \sqrtsNN = 200 GeV'' (Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2025) 140:179) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06119-0
• Observation of different scenarios in different temperatures in small and large collision systems
• Analysis of kinetic freeze out temperature and transverse flow velocity in nucleus-nucleus and proton-proton collisions at same center of mass energy