Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena for the FRW Universe in an Effective Scalar-Tensor Theory

Abstract

We find phase transitions and critical phenomena of the FRW (Friedmann-Robertson-Walker) universe in the framework of an effective scalar-tensor theory that belongs to the Horndeski class. We identify the thermodynamic pressure (generalized force) $P$ of the FRW universe in this theory with the work density $W$ of the perfect fluid, which is a natural definition directly read out from the first law of thermodynamics. We derive the thermodynamic equation of state $P=P(V,T)$ for the FRW universe in this theory and make a thorough discussion of its $P$-$V$ phase transitions and critical phenomena. We calculate the critical exponents, and show that they are the same with the mean field theory, and thus obey the scaling laws.

12 pages, 1 figures

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• A new approach to $P-V$ phase transitions: Einstein gravity and holographic type dark energy
• Phase transitions, critical behavior and microstructure of the FRW universe in the framework of higher order GUP
• Misner-Sharp Energy and P-V Criticality in Quasi-Topological Cosmology
• Thermodynamics of the arbitrary dimensional FRW universe: Joule-Thomson expansion
• Effective Pressure of the FRW Universe
• A dynamical systems perspective on the thermodynamics of late-time cosmology
• Cooling-Heating Properties of the FRW Universe in Gravity with a Generalized Conformal Scalar Field
• Heat Capacity and the Violation of Scaling Laws in Gravitational System
• Thermodynamic aspects of FLRW Universe in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet domains