First Principle Study of Gravitational Pressure and Thermodynamics of FRW Universe

Abstract

We make a first principle study of gravitational pressure in cosmic thermodynamics. The pressure is directly derived from the unified first law, in fact the Einstein field equation in spherically symmetric spacetime. By using this pressure, we obtain the thermodynamics for the FRW universe, especially presenting the gravitational equation of state for the FRW spacetime itself, i.e. $P=P(R_A,T)$ for the first time. Furthermore, we study the Joule-Thomson expansion as an application of the thermodynamic equation of state to find the cooling-heating property of the FRW universe. We demonstrate that there is an inversion temperature for a FRW universe if its enthalpy $\mathcal{H}$ is negative. These investigations shed insights on the evolution of our universe in view of thermodynamics.

Some new footnotes added, and version published in JHEP

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Cited by in corpus (13)

• The P-V Phase Transition of the FRW Universe
• Thermodynamics and evaporation of perfect fluid dark matter black hole in phantom background
• Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena for the FRW Universe in an Effective Scalar-Tensor Theory
• Insight into the Microstructure of FRW Universe from a $P$-$V$ Phase Transition
• Phase transitions, critical behavior and microstructure of the FRW universe in the framework of higher order GUP
• Thermodynamics of the arbitrary dimensional FRW universe: Joule-Thomson expansion
• Misner-Sharp Energy and P-V Criticality in Quasi-Topological Cosmology
• Effective Pressure of the FRW Universe
• Screen chaotic motion by Shannon entropy in curved spacetimes
• Black Holes and Non-perturbative Gravitational Waves in $f(R)$ Gravity
• A dynamical systems perspective on the thermodynamics of late-time cosmology
• Thermodynamic aspects of FLRW Universe in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet domains
• Heat Capacity and the Violation of Scaling Laws in Gravitational System