Collisional Growth and Fragmentation of Dust Aggregates. II. Mass Distribution of Icy Fragments

Abstract

By performing $N$-body simulations, we investigated fundamental processes of collisions between dust aggregates composed of submicron-sized icy dust monomers. We examined the mass distribution of fragments in the collisional outcomes in a wide range of the mass ratio and the collision velocity between colliding dust aggregates. We derived analytic expressions of the mass distribution of large remnants and small fragments by numerical fitting to the simulation results. Our analytic formulae for masses of the large remnants can reproduce the contribution of mass transfer from a large target to a small projectile, which occurs for a mass ratio of $\gtrsim 3$ and is shown in a previous study (Hasegawa et al. 2021). We found that the power-law index of the cumulative mass distribution of the small fragments is independent of the mass ratio and only weakly dependent on the collision velocity. On the other hand, the mass fraction of fragments of individual dust monomers decreases with an increasing total mass of colliding aggregates for a fixed mass ratio. This tendency implies that multiple hierarchical disruptive collisions (i.e., collisions between fragments, collisions between fragments of fragments) are required for producing a large amount of individual dust monomers via collisional fragmentation. Our fragment model suggests that the total geometric cross section integrated over the fragments is estimated to be about the same order of the geometric cross section of the target.

30 pages, 23 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Dust growth and evolution in protoplanetary disks
• Size Dependence of the Bouncing Barrier in Protoplanetary Dust Growth
• Investigating the Bouncing Barrier with Collision Simulations of Compressed Dust Aggregates
• Molecular dynamics simulations of head-on low-velocity collisions between particles
• Planetesimal gravitational collapse in a gaseous environment: Thermal and dynamic evolution