The molecular environment of the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293-2422

Abstract

Studying the physical and chemical processes leading to the formation of low-mass stars is crucial for understanding the origin of our Sun and the Solar System. In particular, analyzing the emission and absorption lines from molecules is a fundamental tool to obtain information on the kinematics and chemistry at the very early stages of star formation. In this work we aim to examine the spatial structures and molecular abundances of material surrounding the very well-known low-mass binary protostar IRAS 16293-2422 and the prestellar core 16293E, which are embedded in the Lynds 1689N dark cloud. We have used the LAsMA heterodyne array installed on the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) 12 meter submillimeter telescope to image a region of about 0.12x0.12pc${}^2$ around IRAS 16293-2422 and 16293E and to study their molecular environment covering 45.6GHz in a frequency range from 277GHz to 375GHz. We have identified 144 transitions from 36 molecular species, including isotopologues. The maps reveal the envelope to have a complex morphology around the cloud cores and the emission peaks known as E1, E2, W1, W2, and HE2, including the outflow structure arising from IRAS 16293-2422. Using several transitions of para-H${}_2$CO, we have derived new lower limits for the kinetic temperatures toward IRAS 16293-2422 and the surrounding emission peaks. Based on these temperatures, H${}_2$ volume densities and column densities for all detected species were derived around the cloud cores and all emission peaks. Our new observations further confirm the scenario of an outflow arising from IRAS 16293-2422 interacting with the prestellar core 16293E. We observe a large-scale velocity gradient across the molecular cloud. Furthermore, we see clear chemical differences at the examined positions. The data suggests that emission peak W2 may be related to a colder dust source.

References in corpus (7)

• The ALMA Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS): First results from an unbiased submillimeter wavelength line survey of the Class 0 protostellar binary IRAS 16293-2422 with ALMA
• Sulphur-bearing species in the star forming region L1689N
• SEPIA - a new single pixel receiver at the APEX Telescope
• Orbital and mass constraints of the young binary system IRAS 16293-2422 A
• The CO Molecular Outflows of IRAS 16293-2422 Probed by the Submillimeter Array
• CH in absorption in IRAS16293-2422
• On the nature of the compact sources in IRAS 16293-2422 seen in at centimeter to sub-millimeter wavelengths

Cited by in corpus (9)

• The Cygnus Allscale Survey of Chemistry and Dynamical Environments: CASCADE. II. A detailed kinematic analysis of the DR21 Main outflow
• Kinetic temperature of massive star-forming molecular clumps measured with formaldehyde V. The massive filament DR21
• Hunting pre-stellar cores with APEX: IRAS16293E (Oph464)
• First map of D${}_2$H${}^{+}$ emission revealing the true centre of a prestellar core: further insights into deuterium chemistry
• Nascent chemical complexity in prestellar core IRAS 16293E: complex organics and deuterated methanol
• The effects of stellar feedback on molecular clumps in the Lagoon Nebula (M8)
• First detection of the $J_{-1}\to (J-$ 1)${}_0-E$ methanol maser transitions at $J=7$ and $10$
• Carbon chain diversity in L1544 and IRAS 16293-2422: an astrochemical pathfinder study for the SKAO
• The Cygnus Allscale Survey of Chemistry and Dynamical Environments: CASCADE III. The large scale distribution of DCO+, DNC and DCN in the DR21 filament