Hyperentanglement of divalent neutral atoms by Rydberg blockade

Abstract

Hyperentanglement~(HE), the simultaneous entanglement between two particles in more than one degrees of freedom, is relevant to both fundamental physics and quantum technology. Previous study on HE has been focusing on photons. Here, we study HE in individual neutral atoms. In most alkaline-earth-like atoms with two valence electrons and a nonzero nuclear spin, there are two stable electronic states, the ground state and the long-lived clock state, which can define an electronic qubit. Meanwhile, their nuclear spin states can define a nuclear qubit. By the Rydberg blockade effect, we show that the controlled-Z~(C${}_{\text{Z}}$) operation can be generated in the electronic qubits of two nearby atoms, and simultaneously in their nuclear qubits as well, leading to a C${}_{\text{Z}}\otimes$C${}_{\text{Z}}$ operation which is capable to induce HE. The possibility to induce HE in individual neutral atoms offers new opportunities to study quantum science and technology based on neutral atoms.

arXiv comment19 pages, 10 figures

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• Coherence-preserving cooling of nuclear spin qubits in a weak magnetic field
• Holonomic swap and controlled-swap gates of neutral atoms via selective Rydberg pumping
• Fast nuclear-spin gates and electrons-nuclei entanglement of neutral atoms in weak magnetic fields
• Fast nuclear-spin entangling gates compatible with large-scale atomic arrays
• Coherence enhancement of Rydberg polaritons
• Symmetric $C_Z$ gate for ultracold neutral atoms based on counterdiabatic driving at Rydberg excitation
• Fast measurement-based generation of large-scale Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state with atomic nuclear-spin qubits