Structural evolution of the kagome superconductors $A$V${}_3$Sb${}_5$ ($A$ = K, Rb, and Cs) through charge density wave order

Abstract

The kagome superconductors KV${}_3$Sb${}_5$, RbV${}_3$Sb${}_5$, and CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$ are known to display charge density wave (CDW) order which impacts the topological characteristics of their electronic structure. Details of their structural ground states and how they evolve with temperature are revealed here using single crystal X-ray crystallographic refinements as a function of temperature, carried out with synchrotron radiation. The compounds KV${}_3$Sb${}_5$ and RbV${}_3$Sb${}_5$ present 2$\times$2$\times$2 superstructures in the $Fmmm$ space group with a staggered tri-hexagonal deformation of vanadium layers. CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$ displays more complex structural evolution, whose details have been unravelled by applying machine learning methods to the scattering data. Upon cooling through the CDW transition, CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$ displays a staged progression of ordering from a 2$\times$2$\times$1 supercell and a 2$\times$2$\times$2 supercell into a final 2$\times$2$\times$4 supercell that persists to $T$ = 11 K and exhibits an average structure where vanadium layers display both tri-hexagonal and Star of David patterns of deformations. Diffraction from CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$ under pulsed magnetic fields up to ${\mu }_{0}H$ = 28 T suggest the real component of the CDW state is insensitive to external magnetic fields.

9 pages, 6 figures

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• Fermi surface mapping and the nature of charge density wave order in the kagome superconductor CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$
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• Coherent phonon spectroscopy and interlayer modulation of charge density wave order in the kagome metal CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$
• Charge order landscape and competition with superconductivity in kagome metals
• Possible star-of-David pattern charge density wave with additional modulation in the kagome superconductor CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$
• Temperature-driven reorganization of electronic order in CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$
• Coexistence of Tri-Hexagonal and Star-of-David Pattern in the Charge Density Wave of the Kagome Superconductor AV${}_3$Sb${}_5$
• Microscopic nature of the charge-density wave in kagome superconductor RbV${}_3$Sb${}_5$

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• Electronic Landscape of Kagome Superconductors $\text{A}$V${}_3$Sb${}_5$ ($\text{A}$ = K, Rb, Cs) from Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
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• The structure of kagome superconductors CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$ in the charge density wave states
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• Kagome metals
• Evolution of charge density waves from three-dimensional to quasi-two-dimensional in Kagome superconductors Cs(V${}_{1-x}{M}_x$)${}_3$Sb${}_5$ ($M$ = Nb, Ta)
• Glass-like Cross-plane Thermal Conductivity of Kagome Metals RbV3Sb5 and CsV3Sb5
• Violation of Emergent Rotational Symmetry in the Hexagonal Kagome Superconductor CsV3Sb5
• Diffuse Scattering from Correlated Electron Systems
• Phase-Separated Charge Order and Twinning Across Length Scales in CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$
• Dynamical decoding of the competition between charge density waves in a kagome superconductor
• AV${}_3$Sb${}_5$ kagome superconductors: a review with transport measurements
• Non-centrosymmetric, transverse structural modulation in SrAl4, and elucidation of its origin in the BaAl4 family of compounds
• Kagome materials $A$V${}_3$Sb${}_5$ ($A$=K,Rb,Cs): pairing symmetry and pressure-tuning studies
• Revealing Rotational Symmetry Breaking Charge-density Wave Order in Kagome Superconductor (Rb, K)V${}_3$Sb${}_5$ by Ultrafast Pump-probe Experiments
• Interplay of superconductivity and charge-density-wave order in kagome materials
• Evidence for reduced periodic lattice distortion within the Sb-terminated surface layer of the kagome metal CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$
• Large Oscillatory Thermal Hall Effect in Kagome Metals
• Coherent Phonon Pairs and Rotational Symmetry Breaking of Charge Density Wave Order in the Kagome Superconductor CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$
• Photoemission Insights to Electronic Orders in Kagome Superconductor AV3Sb5
• Inversion and Tunability of Van Hove Singularities in $A$V${}_3$Sb${}_5$ ($A$ = K, Rb, and Cs) kagome metals
• Impact of tiny Fermi pockets with extremely high mobility on the Hall anomaly in the kagome metal CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$
• Impact of Charge Density Waves on Superconductivity and Topological Properties in AV${}_3$Sb${}_5$ Kagome Superconductors
• Impact of charge-density-wave pattern on the superconducting gap in V-based kagome superconductors
• Unveiling the nature of electronic transitions in RbV${}_3$Sb${}_5$ with Avoided Level Crossing $\mu$SR
• Fidelity and variability in the interlayer electronic structure of the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5
• Symmetry-broken ground state and phonon mediated superconductivity in Kagome CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$
• Evolution of charge correlations in the hole-doped kagome superconductor CsV${}_{3-x}$Ti${}_x$Sb${}_5$
• I-centered vs F-centered orthorhombic symmetry and negative thermal expansion of the charge density wave of EuAl2Ga2
• Persistence of charge density wave fluctuations in the absence of long-range order in a hole-doped kagome metal
• Inter-Layer Correlation of Loop Current Charge Density Wave on the Bilayer Kagomé Lattice
• Microscopic origin of period-four stripe charge-density-wave in kagome metal CsV${}_3$Sb${}_5$
• Electronic and structural properties of Rh- and Pd-based kagome layered shandites from first principles