Violation of detailed balance in microwave circuits: theory and experiment
arXiv:2211.13792 · doi:10.1088/1742-5468/ad2dd8
Abstract
We propose a new approach to detailed balance violation in electrical circuits by relying on the scattering matrix formalism commonly used in microwave electronics. This allows to include retardation effects which are paramount at high frequencies. We define the spectral densities of phase space angular momentum, heat transfer and cross power, which can serve as criteria for detailed balance violation. We confirm our theory with measurements in the 4-8 GHz frequency range on several two port circuits of varying symmetries, in space and time. This validates our approach, which will allow to treat quantum circuits at ultra-low temperature.
References in corpus (5)
- The Brownian gyrator: a minimal heat engine on the nano-scale
- Experimental Realization of a Minimal Microscopic Heat Engine
- Dynamics of Quantum Noise in a Tunnel Junction under ac Excitation
- Thermal response of nonequilibrium RC-circuits
- Down-conversion of quantum fluctuations of photonic heat current in a circuit