Hadronic signatures from magnetically dominated baryon-loaded AGN jets

Abstract

Blazars are a rare class of active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets pointing towards the observer. Jets are thought to be launched as Poynting-flux dominated outflows that accelerate to relativistic speeds at the expense of the available magnetic energy. In this work, we consider electron-proton jets and assume that particles are energized via magnetic reconnection in parts of the jet where the magnetization is still high ($\sigma \ge 1$). The magnetization and bulk Lorentz factor $\Gamma$ are related to the available jet energy per baryon as $\mu =\Gamma (1+\sigma )$. We adopt an observationally motivated relation between $\Gamma$ and the mass accretion rate into the black hole $\dot{m}$, which also controls the luminosity of external radiation fields. We numerically compute the photon and neutrino jet emission as a function of $\mu$ and $\sigma$. We find that the blazar SED is produced by synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation of accelerated electrons, while the emission of hadronic-related processes is subdominant except for the highest magnetization considered. We show that low-luminosity blazars ($L_{\gamma }\lesssim 10^{45}$ erg s${}^{-1}$) are associated with less powerful, slower jets with higher magnetizations in the jet dissipation region. Their broadband photon spectra resemble those of BL Lac objects, and the expected neutrino luminosity is $L_{\nu +\bar{\nu }}\sim (0.3-1)L_{\gamma }$. High-luminosity blazars ($L_{\gamma }\gg 10^{45}$ erg s${}^{-1}$) are associated with more powerful, faster jets with lower magnetizations. Their broadband photon spectra resemble those of flat spectrum radio quasars, and they are expected to be dim neutrino sources with $L_{\nu +\bar{\nu }}\ll L_{\gamma }$.

arXiv comment16 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (76)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
• Efficient Generation of Jets from Magnetically Arrested Accretion on a Rapidly Spinning Black Hole
• Multi-messenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A
• Neutrino emission from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 prior to the IceCube-170922A alert
• The Spectral Energy Distribution of Fermi bright blazars
• Relativistic Reconnection: an Efficient Source of Non-Thermal Particles
• The Connection between X-ray- and Radio-Selected BL Lacertae Objects
• IceCube-Gen2: The Window to the Extreme Universe
• MOJAVE: Monitoring of Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei with VLBA Experiments. VI. Kinematics Analysis of a Complete Sample of Blazar Jets
• Formation of Hard Power-laws in the Energetic Particle Spectra Resulting from Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection
• The power of blazar jets
• The power of relativistic jets is larger than the luminosity of their accretion disks
• Time-integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 years of IceCube Data
• Comptonization of Infrared Radiation from Hot Dust by Relativistic Jets in Quasars
• Magnetic acceleration of relativistic AGN jets
• Do X-ray Binary Spectral State Transition Luminosities Vary?
• The transition between BL Lac objects and Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars
• Relativistic Jets Shine through Shocks or Magnetic Reconnection?
• Diffuse Neutrino Intensity from the Inner Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei: Impacts of External Photon Fields and the Blazar Sequence
• A Multimessenger Picture of the Flaring Blazar TXS 0506+056: implications for High-Energy Neutrino Emission and Cosmic Ray Acceleration
• The blazar sequence: a new perspective
• The Fermi blazar sequence
• Characteristics of the diffuse astrophysical electron and tau neutrino flux with six years of IceCube high energy cascade data
• A hadronic origin for ultra-high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects
• The extent of power-law energy spectra in collisionless relativistic magnetic reconnection in pair plasmas
• MOJAVE. XVII. Jet Kinematics and Parent Population Properties of Relativistically Beamed Radio-Loud Blazars
• The Fermi blazars divide
• Magnetic Driving of Relativistic Outflows in Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Interpretation of Parsec-Scale Accelerations
• Modelling the coincident observation of a high-energy neutrino and a bright blazar flare
• Efficiency of Magnetic to Kinetic Energy Conversion in a Monopole Magnetosphere
• Non-thermal particle acceleration in collisionless relativistic electron-proton reconnection
• Relativistic Beaming and the Intrinsic Properties of Extragalactic Radio Jets
• Lepto-hadronic single-zone models for the electromagnetic and neutrino emission of TXS 0506+056
• Photohadronic origin of $\gamma$-ray BL Lac emission: implications for IceCube neutrinos
• Plasmoids in relativistic reconnection, from birth to adulthood: first they grow, then they go
• TXS 0506+056, the first cosmic neutrino source, is not a BL Lac
• The relation between broad lines and gamma--ray luminosities in Fermi blazars
• Observational evidence for the origin of high-energy neutrinos in parsec-scale nuclei of radio-bright active galaxies
• Sensitivity of the KM3NeT/ARCA neutrino telescope to point-like neutrino sources
• Leptohadronic blazar models applied to the 2014-15 flare of TXS 0506+056
• Efficient Production of High-energy Nonthermal Particles during Magnetic Reconnection in a Magnetically-dominated Ion-Electron Plasma
• On the origin of gamma rays in Fermi blazars: beyond the broad line region
• Cascading Constraints from Neutrino Emitting Blazars: The case of TXS 0506+056
• A simplified view of blazars: the neutrino background
• Dissecting the regions around IceCube high-energy neutrinos: growing evidence for the blazar connection
• Equipartition Gamma-Ray Blazars and the Location of the Gamma-Ray Emission Site in 3C 279
• A simplified view of blazars: the gamma-ray case
• The time-dependent one-zone hadronic model - First principles
• The Steady Growth of the High-Energy Spectral Cutoff in Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection
• Bethe-Heitler emission in BL Lacs: filling the gap between X-rays and $\gamma$-rays
• Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in Electron-Positron-Proton Plasmas: Implications for Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Fast particle acceleration in three-dimensional relativistic reconnection
• Multi-Epoch Modeling of TXS 0506+056 and Implications for Long-Term High-Energy Neutrino Emission
• The jet-disc connection in AGN
• Particle acceleration in astrophysical jets
• Radiative Signatures of Plasmoid-Dominated Reconnection in Blazar Jets
• A Viewing Angle - Kinetic Luminosity Unification Scheme For BL Lacertae Objects
• Recent Progress on Particle Acceleration and Reconnection Physics during Magnetic Reconnectionin the Magnetically-dominated Relativistic Regime
• Association of IceCube neutrinos with radio sources observed at Owens Valley and Metsähovi Radio Observatories
• Beginning a journey across the universe: the discovery of extragalactic neutrino factories
• Multi-wavelength and neutrino emission from blazar PKS 1502+106
• 3HSP J095507.9+355101: a flaring extreme blazar coincident in space and time with IceCube-200107A
• Interpretation of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux in terms of the blazar sequence
• Secondary Energization in Compressing Plasmoids during Magnetic Reconnection
• The Blazar sequence and its Physical Understanding
• Time-dependent neutrino emission from Mrk 421 during flares and predictions for IceCube
• Comprehensive Multimessenger Modeling of the Extreme Blazar 3HSP J095507.9+355101 and Predictions for IceCube
• Constraints of Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars in the hadronic model: the case of 3C 273
• The TeV emission of Ap Librae: a hadronic interpretation and prospects for CTA
• The Spectra of IceCube Neutrino (SIN) candidate sources -- II. Source Characterisation
• PKS 1424+240: yet another masquerading BL Lac object as a possible IceCube neutrino source
• Improved photomeson model for interactions of cosmic ray nuclei
• Multi-Frequency Observations of the Candidate Neutrino Emitting Blazar BZB J0955+3551
• Blazar jets launched with similar energy per baryon, independently of their power

Cited by in corpus (6)

• Leptohadronic Multimessenger Modeling of 324 Gamma-Ray Blazars
• AM${}^3$: An Open-Source Tool for Time-Dependent Lepto-Hadronic Modeling of Astrophysical Sources
• Exploring the role of composition and mass-loading on the properties of hadronic jets
• Revisiting the TeV flare of PKS 2155-304 in 2006
• Hillas meets Eddington: The case for blazars as ultra-high-energy neutrino sources
• Current sheet formation under radiative cooling