Current Noise of Hydrodynamic Electrons
arXiv:2211.01366 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.256301
Abstract
A resistor at finite temperature produces white noise fluctuations of the current called Johnson-Nyquist noise. Measuring the amplitude of this noise provides a powerful primary thermometry technique to access the electron temperature. In practical situations, however, one needs to generalize the Johnson-Nyquist theorem to handle spatially inhomogeneous temperature profiles. Recent work provided such a generalization for ohmic devices obeying the Wiedemann-Franz law, but there is a need to provide a similar generalization for hydrodynamic electron systems, since hydrodynamic electrons provide unusual sensitivity for Johnson noise thermometry but they do not admit a local conductivity nor obey the Wiedemann-Franz law. Here we address this need by considering low-frequency Johnson noise in the hydrodynamic setting for a rectangular geometry. Unlike in the ohmic setting, we find that the Johnson noise is geometry-dependent due to non-local viscous gradients. Nonetheless, ignoring the geometric correction only leads to an error of at most 40% as compared to naively using the ohmic result.
arXiv comment9 pages, 4 figures with appendix; typo corrected in Eq. 5 and Eq. 8
References in corpus (47)
- Negative local resistance caused by viscous electron backflow in graphene
- Observation of the Dirac fluid and the breakdown of the Wiedemann-Franz law in graphene
- Evidence for hydrodynamic electron flow in PdCoO
- Superballistic flow of viscous electron fluid through graphene constrictions
- Hydrodynamics of electrons in graphene
- Electron Viscosity, Current Vortices and Negative Nonlocal Resistance in Graphene
- Imaging viscous flow of the Dirac fluid in graphene
- Hydrodynamic electron flow in high-mobility wires
- Measuring Hall Viscosity of Graphene's Electron Fluid
- Visualizing Poiseuille flow of hydrodynamic electrons
- Electrical and Thermal Transport at the Planckian Bound of Dissipation in the Hydrodynamic Electron Fluid of WP2
- Non-local transport and the hydrodynamic shear viscosity in graphene
- Higher-Than-Ballistic Conduction of Viscous Electron Flows
- Fluidity Onset in Graphene
- Slow imbalance relaxation and thermoelectric transport in graphene
- Quantum-critical relativistic magnetotransport in graphene
- Imaging phonon-mediated hydrodynamic flow in WTe2
- Hydrodynamic theory of thermoelectric transport and negative magnetoresistance in Weyl semimetals
- Direct observation of vortices in an electron fluid
- Scanning Gate Microscopy in a Viscous Electron Fluid
- Viscous electron flow in mesoscopic two-dimensional electron gas
- Fast thermal relaxation in cavity-coupled graphene bolometers with a Johnson noise read-out
- Violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law in clean graphene layers
- Hydrodynamic approach to two-dimensional electron systems
- Noise in Multiterminal Diffusive Conductors: Universality, Nonlocality and Exchange Effects
- Electronic hydrodynamics in graphene
- Shockley-Ramo theorem and long-range photocurrent response in gapless materials
- Vorticity induced negative nonlocal resistance in viscous two-dimensional electron system
- Ultra-sensitive and Wide Bandwidth Thermal Measurements of Graphene at Low Temperatures
- Imaging Hydrodynamic Electrons Flowing Without Landauer-Sharvin Resistance
- Electronic hydrodynamics and the breakdown of the Wiedemann-Franz and Mott laws in interacting metals
- Stokes flow around an obstacle in viscous two-dimensional electron liquid
- Universal linear and nonlinear electrodynamics of the Dirac fluid
- Directional ballistic transport in the two-dimensional metal PdCoO2
- Development of high frequency and wide bandwidth Johnson noise thermometry
- Freely flowing currents and electric field expulsion in viscous electronics
- Electronic Thermal Transport Measurement in Low-Dimensional Materials with Graphene Nonlocal Noise Thermometry
- Breakdown of the Wiedemann-Franz law in AB-stacked bilayer graphene
- Spread and erase -- How electron hydrodynamics can eliminate the Landauer-Sharvin resistance
- Prospective performance of graphene HEB for ultrasensitive detection of sub-mm radiation
- Hydrodynamics, viscous electron fluid, and Wiedeman-Franz law in 2D semiconductors
- Thermal transport in compensated semimetals: a mystery explained
- Beyond Ohm's law -- Bernoulli effect and streaming in electron hydrodynamics
- Hydrodynamic thermoelectric transport in Corbino geometry
- Large Violation of the Wiedemann Franz Law in Heusler, Ferromagnetic, Weyl Semimetal CoMnAl
- Hydrodynamic magnetoresistance in graphene Corbino devices
- Relation between Johnson Noise and heating power in a two-terminal conductor
Cited by in corpus (4)
- Hydrodynamics of the electronic Fermi liquid: a pedagogical overview
- Two-dimensional hydrodynamic electron flow through periodic and random potentials
- Resolving the Corbino Shockley-Ramo Paradox for Hydrodynamic Current Noise
- Non-local origin and correlations in the Johnson noise at nonuniform temperatures