Deterministic and stochastic sampling of two coupled Kerr parametric oscillators

Abstract

The vision of building computational hardware for problem optimization has spurred large efforts in the physics community. In particular, networks of Kerr parametric oscillators (KPOs) are envisioned as simulators for finding the ground states of Ising Hamiltonians. It was shown, however, that KPO networks can feature large numbers of unexpected solutions that are difficult to sample with the existing deterministic (i.e., adiabatic) protocols. In this work, we experimentally realize a system of two classical coupled KPOs, and we find good agreement with the predicted mapping to Ising states. We then introduce a protocol based on stochastic sampling of the system, and we show how the resulting probability distribution can be used to identify the ground state of the corresponding Ising Hamiltonian. This method is akin to a Monte Carlo sampling of multiple out-of-equilibrium stationary states and is less prone to become trapped in local minima than deterministic protocols.

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• Entangling Schrödinger's cat states by bridging discrete- and continuous-variable encoding
• Proliferation of unstable states and their impact on stochastic out-of-equilibrium dynamics
• Three Strongly Coupled Kerr Parametric Oscillators Forming a Boltzmann Machine
• Boltzmann Sampling of Frustrated J1 - J2 Ising Models with Programmable Quantum Annealers