A multiband study and exploration of the radio wave - $\gamma$-ray connection in 3C 84

Abstract

Total intensity variability light curves offer a unique insight into the ongoing debate about the launching mechanism of jets. For this work, we utilise the availability of radio and $\gamma$-ray light curves over a few decades of the radio source 3C 84 (NGC 1275). We calculate the multiband time lags between the flares identified in the light curves via discrete cross-correlation and Gaussian process regression. We find that the jet particle and magnetic field energy densities are in equipartition ($k_{\text{r}}=1.08\pm 0.18$). The jet apex is located $z_{\text{91.5 GHz}}=22-645$ $R_{\text{s}}$ ($2-20\times 10^{-3}$ pc) upstream of the 3 mm radio core; at that position, the magnetic field amplitude is $B_{\text{core}}^{\text{91.5 GHz}}=3-10$ G. Our results are in good agreement with earlier studies, which utilised very-long-baseline interferometry. Furthermore, we investigate the temporal relation between the ejection of radio and $\gamma$-ray flares. Our results are in favour of the $\gamma$-ray emission being associated with the radio emission. We are able to tentatively connect the ejection of features identified at 43 and 86 GHz to prominent $\gamma$-ray flares. Finally, we compute the multiplicity parameter $\lambda$ and the Michel magnetisation ${\sigma }_{\text{M}}$ and find that they are consistent with a jet launched by the Blandford & Znajek 1977 mechanism.

arXiv comment13 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

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• Evidence for a toroidal magnetic field in the core of 3C 84
• Observational Evidence to Support a Dense Ambient Medium Shaping the Jet in 3C 84
• Revisiting the proton synchrotron radiation in blazar jets: Possible contributions from X-ray to $\gamma$-ray bands
• Closing the feedback-feeding loop of the radio galaxy 3C 84
• The dynamics of the parsec-scale jet in the neutrino blazar PKS 0735+178
• Relationship between the $\gamma -$ray variability and the pc-scale jet in the blazar 3C 454.3
• Where within the 3C 84 jet are $\gamma$-rays produced?
• Detection of Compton scattering in the jet of 3C 84
• Millimeter VLBI constraints on the central magnetic field and symmetric jet production in the twin-jet galaxy NGC 1052