Dust grains cannot grow to millimeter sizes in protostellar envelopes

Abstract

A big question in the field of star and planet formation is the time at which substantial dust grain growth occurs. The observed properties of dust emission across different wavelength ranges have been used as an indication that millimeter-sized grains are already present in the envelopes of young protostars. However, this interpretation is in tension with results from coagulation simulations, which are not able to produce such large grains in these conditions. In this work, we show analytically that the production of millimeter-sized grains in protostellar envelopes is impossible under the standard assumptions about the coagulation process. We discuss several possibilities that may serve to explain the observed dust emission in the absence of in-situ grain growth to millimeter sizes.

Accepted to ApJ

References in corpus (15)

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• Dust hot spots at 10 au scales around the Class 0 binary IRAS 16293-2422 A: a departure from the passive irradiation model
• FAUST IX. Multi-band, multi-scale dust study of L1527 IRS. Evidence for dust properties variations within the envelope of a Class 0/I YSO
• Water ice: temperature-dependent refractive indexes and their astrophysical implications
• Physical conditions for dust grain alignment in Class 0 protostellar cores II. The role of the radiation field in models aligning/disrupting dust grains
• Planetesimal formation via the streaming instability in simulations of infall dominated young disks
• Dual-band Unified Exploration of Three CMZ Clouds (DUET). Cloud-wide census of continuum sources showing low spectral indices
• From small dust to micron-sized aggregates: the influence of structure and composition on the dust optical properties
• Dust enrichment and growth in the earliest stages of protoplanetary disk formation
• Magnetic clumping of charged dust in the dense interstellar medium
• "Ashfall" Induced by Molecular Outflow in Protostar Evolution. II. Analytical Study on the Maximum Size of Dust Grains Lifted by Outflows