Laser Spectroscopy for the Study of Exotic Nuclei

Abstract

Investigation into the properties and structure of unstable nuclei far from stability remains a key avenue of research in modern nuclear physics. These efforts are motivated by the continual observation of unexpected structure phenomena in nuclei with unusual proton-to-neutron ratios. In recent decades, laser spectroscopy techniques have made significant contributions in our understanding of exotic nuclei in different mass regions encompassing almost the entire nuclear chart. This is achieved through determining multiple fundamental properties of nuclear ground and isomeric states, such as nuclear spins, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments and charge radii, via the measurement of hyperfine structures and isotope shifts in the atomic or ionic spectra of the nuclei of interest. These properties, when measured with sufficient precision for a long range of isotopes, offer prominent tests of recently developed state-of-the-art theory and help to stimulate new developments to improve the many-body methods and nucleon-nucleon interactions at the core of these models. With the aim of exploring more exotic short-lived nuclei located ever closer to the proton and neutron driplines, laser spectroscopy techniques, with their continuous technological developments towards higher resolution and higher sensitivity, are extensively employed at current- and next-generation radioactive ion beam facilities worldwide. Ongoing efforts in parallel promise to make even more exotic species available for study at next-generation facilities. Very recently, an innovative application of laser spectroscopy on molecules containing short-lived nuclei has been demonstrated offering additional opportunities for several fields of research, e.g. fundamental symmetry studies and astrophysics.

129 pages (bibliography 56 pages), 32 figures, invited review for Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. Comments and suggestions are welcome

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• Z=50 shell gap near ${}^{100}$Sn from intermediate-energy Coulomb excitations in even-mass ${}^{106--112}$Sn isotopes
• Probing the N = 32 shell closure below the magic proton number Z = 20: Mass measurements of the exotic isotopes 52,53K
• Near-Unitary Spin Squeezing in ${}^{171}$Yb
• Orbital dependent nucleonic pairing in the lightest known isotopes of tin
• Nuclear spins, magnetic moments and quadrupole moments of Cu isotopes from N = 28 to N = 46: probes for core polarization effects
• Evolution of Octupole Deformation in Radium Nuclei from Coulomb Excitation of Radioactive ${}^{222}$Ra and ${}^{228}$Ra Beams
• Magnetic moments of light nuclei from lattice quantum chromodynamics
• Magnetic dipole moment of 57,59Cu measured by in-gas-cell laser spectroscopy
• Nuclear Charge Radii of the Nickel Isotopes ${}^{58-68,70}$Ni
• Precision Measurement of 11Li moments: Influence of Halo Neutrons on the 9Li Core
• Charge Radius of Neutron-deficient ${}^{54}$Ni and Symmetry Energy Constraints Using the Difference in Mirror Pair Charge Radii
• Standard Model tests with trapped radioactive atoms
• Probing new spin-independent interactions through precision spectroscopy in atoms with few electrons
• Shape staggering of mid-shell mercury isotopes from in-source laser spectroscopy compared with Density Functional Theory and Monte Carlo Shell Model calculations
• Beyond the charge radius: the information content of the fourth radial moment
• Isotope Shifts of Radium Monofluoride Molecules
• Shell structure of potassium isotopes deduced from their magnetic moments
• Laser spectroscopy of francium isotopes at the borders of the region of reflection asymmetry
• Charge radii of ${}^{55,56}$Ni reveal a surprisingly similar behavior at $N=28$ in Ca and Ni isotopes
• Spectroscopy of a synthetic trapped ion qubit
• Information content of the differences in the charge radii of mirror nuclei
• Nuclear Charge Radii of ${}^{10,11}$B
• Shell-model study of quadrupole collectivity in light tin isotopes
• Radium Ion Optical Clock
• Enhanced collectivity in 74Ni
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• High-Resolution Laser Spectroscopy of Long-Lived Plutonium Isotopes
• Precision Test of Many-Body QED in the Be${}^{+}$ $2p$ Fine Structure Doublet Using Short-Lived Isotopes
• Laser Resonance Chromatography of Superheavy Elements
• Laser spectroscopy of indium Rydberg atom bunches by electric field ionization
• Moments and Radii of exotic Na and Mg isotopes
• Nuclear Moments of Germanium Isotopes around $N$ = 40
• The cyclotron gas stopper project at the NSCL
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Cited by in corpus (45)

• Imaging Shapes of Atomic Nuclei in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Opportunities for Fundamental Physics Research with Radioactive Molecules
• Separating the impact of nuclear skin and nuclear deformation in high-energy isobar collisions
• Impact of two-body currents on magnetic dipole moments of nuclei
• Nuclear charge radii of silicon isotopes
• Correlations between charge radii differences of mirror nuclei and stellar observables
• Isomeric excitation energy for ${}^{99}$In${}^m$ from mass spectrometry reveals constant trend next to doubly magic ${}^{100}$Sn
• Improved description of nuclear charge radii: Global trends beyond $N=28$ shell closure
• Critical evaluation of reference charge radii and applications in mirror nuclei
• Imaging nuclear shape through anisotropic and radial flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Estimation of the slope of nuclear symmetry energy via charge radii of mirror nuclei
• Revisited nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments of polonium isotopes
• Observation of the distribution of nuclear magnetization in a molecule
• All-optical Differential Radii in Zinc
• Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity deficit reduction via finite nuclear size
• Potential signature of new magicity from universal aspects of nuclear charge radii
• Isotope-shift factors with quantum electrodynamics effects for many-electron systems: A study of the nuclear charge radius of ${}^{26m}$Al
• High Voltage Determination and Stabilization for Collinear Laser Spectroscopy Applications
• Extraction of ground-state nuclear deformations from ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Nuclear structure physics context
• Nuclear charge radii of germanium isotopes around $N$ = 40
• Discovering Nuclear Models from Symbolic Machine Learning
• Correlation between the charge radii difference in mirror partner nuclei and the symmetry energy slope
• Relativistic atomic structure calculations in support of spectroscopy
• Electromagnetic moments in the Sn-Gd region determined within nuclear DFT
• Shell quenching in nuclear charge radii based on Monte Carlo dropout Bayesian neural network
• Ab initio study of the radii of oxygen isotopes
• Subspace-projected multireference covariant density functional theory
• RAPTOR: a new collinear laser ionization spectroscopy and laser-radiofrequency double-resonance experiment at the IGISOL facility
• Ultra-stable 3D-printed precision voltage divider for calibrations and experiments
• Robust ab initio predictions for dimensionless ratios of E2 and radius observables. I. Electric quadrupole moments and deformation
• Spectral line-shape in collinear laser spectroscopy after atomic charge exchange
• Partial conservation of seniority in semi-magic nuclei
• Electromagnetic moments of ground and excited states calculated in heavy odd-N open-shell nuclei
• A new beamline for Resonant Excitation of Beams with Electromagnetic fields and Lasers (REBEL) and Stopping and Trapping of Radioactive Isotopes for Precision Experiments (STRIPE)
• Probing Nuclear Geometry through Multi-Particle Azimuthal Correlations and Rapidity-Even Dipolar Flow in ${}^{16}$O+${}^{16}$O Collisions
• Voltage scanning and technical upgrades at the Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy experiment
• Reinvestigation of ${}^{91}$Sr and ${}^{95}$Y atomic masses using the JYFLTRAP Penning trap
• Production of neptunium and plutonium nuclides from uranium carbide using 1.4-GeV protons
• Large scale shell model calculation for collectivity in nuclei beyond 78Ni
• Modelling of transient interference phenomena in collinear laser spectroscopy
• Binding energies, charge radii, spins and moments: odd-odd Ag isotopes and discovery of a new isomer
• Commissioning and Full Realization of the PLASEN System at BRIF
• Radioactive Molecules as Laboratories of Fundamental Physics
• Ab initio calculations of the electronic structure of Ac${}^{+}$
• Quasi-elastic scattering for the nuclear ground state structure: An intriguing case of ${}^{30}$Si