First Search for Axion-Like Particles in a Storage Ring Using a Polarized Deuteron Beam

Abstract

Based on the notion that the local dark-matter field of axions or axion-like particles (ALPs) in our Galaxy induces oscillating couplings to the spins of nucleons and nuclei (via the electric dipole moment of the latter and/or the paramagnetic axion-wind effect), we establish the feasibility of a new method to search for ALPs in storage rings. Based on previous work that allows us to maintain the in-plane polarization of a stored deuteron beam for a few hundred seconds, we performed a first proof-of-principle experiment at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY to scan momenta near 970 MeV/c. This entailed a scan of the spin precession frequency. At resonance between the spin precession frequency of deuterons and the ALP-induced EDM oscillation frequency there will be an accumulation of the polarization component out of the ring plane. Since the axion frequency is unknown, the momentum of the beam and consequently the spin precession frequency were ramped to search for a vertical polarization change that would occur when the resonance is crossed. At COSY, four beam bunches with different polarization directions were used to make sure that no resonance was missed because of the unknown relative phase between the polarization precession and the axion/ALP field. A frequency window of 1.5-kHz width around the spin precession frequency of 121 kHz was scanned. We describe the experimental procedure and a test of the methodology with the help of a radiofrequency Wien filter located on the COSY ring. No ALP resonance was observed. As a consequence an upper limit of the oscillating EDM component of the deuteron as well as its axion coupling constants are provided.

27 pages, 24 figures, 7 tables, 104 references

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• Constraining Light QCD Axions with Isolated Neutron Star Cooling
• Searches for exotic spin-dependent interactions with spin sensors
• Discovering QCD-Coupled Axion Dark Matter with Polarization Haloscopes
• Pi in the Sky: Neutron Stars with Exceptionally Light QCD Axions
• New Technologies for Axion and Dark Photon Searches
• Injection Optimization at Particle Accelerators via Reinforcement Learning: From Simulation to Real-World Application
• Bias-Free Estimation of Signals on Top of Unknown Backgrounds
• GALILEO: Galactic Axion Laser Interferometer Leveraging Electro-Optics
• Weak nuclear decays deep-underground as a probe of axion dark matter
• Search for Axionlike Dark Matter Using Liquid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• First Experimental Limit on the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of the Deuteron
• Stacking the Deck: Gambling on a Light QCD Axion
• Flavor-changing axions and Dirac neutrino masses
• Equation of spin motion for a particle with electric and magnetic charges and dipole moments
• Fresh Look at Polarized Deuterons at the Nuclotron/NICA \& HIAF and Beyond