Integral Aspects of $(1:-3:1)$ Resonance Lotka--Volterra Equations with Nonstandard Analysis

Abstract

In this paper the problems of integrable and linearizable Lotka-Volterra equations with $(\delta :-3\delta :\delta )$-resonance are studied. The necessary conditions for both problems are obtained in the case when $\delta =1$ and it's sufficiency are proved. It is also shown that non-standard analysis has an important role in proving the sufficient integrable conditions in some cases. The non-standard analysis approaches have been used for both perturbed and unperturbed cases for integral aspects of the given system.