Phase-resolved attosecond near-threshold photoionization of molecular nitrogen

Abstract

We photoionize nitrogen molecules with a train of extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses together with a weak infrared field. We measure the phase of the two-color two-photon ionization transition (molecular phase) for different states of the ion. We observe a 0.76 $\pi$ shift for the electrons produced in the ionization channels leading to the X${}^2{\Sigma }_g^{+}$, $v^{\prime }=1$ and $v^{\prime }=2$ states. We relate this phase shift to the presence of a complex resonance in the continuum. By providing both a high spectral and temporal resolution, this general approach gives access to the evolution of extremely short lived states, which is hardly accessible otherwise.

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