A multi-simulation study of relativistic SZ temperature scalings in galaxy clusters and groups

Abstract

The Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect is a powerful tool in modern cosmology. With future observations promising ever improving SZ measurements, the relativistic corrections to the SZ signals from galaxy groups and clusters are increasingly relevant. As such, it is important to understand the differences between three temperature measures: (a) the average relativistic SZ (rSZ) temperature, (b) the mass-weighted temperature relevant for the thermal SZ (tSZ) effect, and (c) the X-ray spectroscopic temperature. In this work, we compare these cluster temperatures, as predicted by the {\sc Bahamas} \& {\sc Macsis}, {\sc Illustris-TNG}, {\sc Magneticum}, and {\sc The Three Hundred Project} simulations. Despite the wide range of simulation parameters, we find the SZ temperatures are consistent across the simulations. We estimate a $\simeq 10\%$ level correction from rSZ to clusters with $Y\simeq 10^{-4}$~Mpc${}^{-2}$. Our analysis confirms a systematic offset between the three temperature measures; with the rSZ temperature $\simeq 20\%$ larger than the other measures, and diverging further at higher redshifts. We demonstrate that these measures depart from simple self-similar evolution and explore how they vary with the defined radius of haloes. We investigate how different feedback prescriptions and resolution affect the observed temperatures, and discover the SZ temperatures are rather insensitive to these details. The agreement between simulations indicates an exciting avenue for observational and theoretical exploration, determining the extent of relativistic SZ corrections. We provide multiple simulation-based fits to the scaling relations for use in future SZ modelling.

Accepted by MNRAS

References in corpus (23)

• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation
• Simulating galaxy formation with black hole driven thermal and kinetic feedback
• Simba: Cosmological Simulations with Black Hole Growth and Feedback
• Testing X-ray Measurements of Galaxy Clusters with Cosmological Simulations
• Systematics in the X-ray Cluster Mass Estimators
• The galaxy cluster mass scale and its impact on cosmological constraints from the cluster population
• Catalog Extraction in SZ Cluster Surveys: a matched filter approach
• The NIKA2 large field-of-view millimeter continuum camera for the 30-m IRAM telescope
• The redshift evolution of massive galaxy clusters in the MACSIS simulations
• The impact of baryons on massive galaxy clusters: halo structure and cluster mass estimates
• Pressure of the hot gas in simulations of galaxy clusters
• Non-Equilibrium Electrons and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect of Galaxy Clusters
• Cosmological simulations of galaxy clusters with feedback from active galactic nuclei: profiles and scaling relations
• Detection of missing baryons in galaxy groups with kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect
• Cross-correlation of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and weak gravitational lensing: Planck and Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam first-year data
• Relativistic SZ temperature scaling relations of groups and clusters derived from the BAHAMAS and MACSIS simulations
• Investigating Cluster Astrophysics and Cosmology with Cross-Correlation of the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Weak Lensing
• The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich temperature of the intracluster medium
• High significance detection of the tSZ effect relativistic corrections
• Measuring $H_0$ using X-ray and SZ effect observations of dynamically relaxed galaxy clusters
• Refined modelling of the radio SZ signal: kinematic terms, relativistic temperature corrections and anisotropies in the radio background
• Percent-level constraints on baryonic feedback with spectral distortion measurements