Discovery of five cyano derivatives of propene with the QUIJOTE line survey

Abstract

We report the discovery of five cyano derivatives of propene towards TMC-1 with the QUIJOTE line survey: $trans$ and $cis$-crotononitrile ($t$-CH${}_3$CHCHCN, $c$-CH${}_3$CHCHCN), methacrylonitrile (CH${}_2$C(CH${}_3$)CN), and $gauche$ and $cis$-allyl cyanide ($g$-CH${}_2$CHCH${}_2$CN and $c$-CH${}_2$CHCH${}_2$CN). The observed transitions allowed us to derive a common rotational temperature of 7$\pm$1 K for all them. The derived column densities are N($t$-CH${}_3$CHCHCN)=(5$\pm$0.5)$\times$10${}^{10}$ cm${}^{-2}$, N($c$-CH${}_3$CHCHCN)=(1.3$\pm$0.2)$\times$10${}^{11}$ cm${}^{-2}$, N(CH${}_2$C(CH${}_3$)CN)=(1.0$\pm$0.1)$\times$10${}^{11}$ cm${}^{-2}$, N($g$-CH${}_2$CHCH${}_2$CN)=(8.0$\pm$0.8)$\times$10${}^{10}$ cm${}^{-2}$, and N($c$-CH${}_2$CHCH${}_2$CN)=(7.0$\pm$0.7)$\times$10${}^{10}$ cm${}^{-2}$, respectively. The abundance of cyano-propene relative to that of propene is thus $\sim$10${}^{-2}$, which is considerably lower than those of other cyano derivatives of abundant hydrocarbons. Upper limits are obtained for two ethynyl derivatives of propene ($E$ and $Z$-CH${}_3$CHCHCCH).

Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters

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• Sensitivity Analysis of Aromatic Chemistry to Gas-Phase Kinetics in a Dark Molecular Cloud Model
• Millimetre and submillimetre spectroscopy of isobutene and its detection in the molecular cloud G+0.693
• A search for the three isomers of cyano-1,3-butadiene in TMC-1: Implications for bottom-up routes involving 1,3-butadiene
• Piecing together formic acid isomerism in dark clouds. Detection of cis-formic acid in TMC-1 and astrochemical modeling
• Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Interstellar Candidate Ethynyl Thiocyanate: HCCSCN